Yiziphi Iinkqubo eziphambili zomkhombandlela wokuxhumana ngokungafani?

Imigomo Esiyisisekelo senkqubo yokuvikela uthixo olwenziwa kakhulu

Izixhobo zokuxhumana ngokungabonakali imisebenzi njengezindlela zokuphepha ubulungiswa, ukuvikelwa kwezinhlelo, nokulawula ulwazi kuzindawo eziphakeme. Lezi zinhlelo eziqondile zithumela izinhlobo zokuxhumana zokulawula zokuthiwa izinhlobo zokuxhumana zasekhaya zasebenza ngendawo ethile. Inhlelo ephrofesinali yokuxhumana yasekhaya ingasebenza ngokukhetha noma ngokubangelwa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthumela izinhlobo zokuxhumana, kanye nezinhlobo zasekhaya, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, nezinhlobo zase-GPS. Imisebenzi ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zasekhaya kuyiphela ukuthwalwa kwezinhlelo ngaphandle kwalokho noma ukuvikela ubulungiswa bokusebenza kuzindawo zokuphakeme. Iindlela zasekhaya, amaphoyisa, nezindlu zokuphepha zasekhaya ziphiwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana zasekhaya ukudala izinhlelo zokuxhumana zasekhaya eziphumelelayo lapho izinhlelo zokuprivatisa zilondoloza. Ubungozi bezinhlelo zokuxhumana zasekhaya bubangelwa kubungo lwabo, ukufakwa kwezinhlobo, nobunjwa bakho ukuthi kuthuthukiswe kuzinhlobo ezahlukene nezintambo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlamvu nokulinyelwa

Ukubusa kwezinhlamvu zase-RF

Amajamela wekhowunikheyseni engenakho umqoqosho wenza ubuchule bebanda lefrequency esikhethwe ngokuthumela amasinyo aphakeme kakhulu kunye nekhowunikheyseni evela kuyo. Le interference ye-frequency yekhowuni iyakhe kude amadivayisi athile ayithole ukuthi yini isinyo esiyikeyo kanye nezinyo zokujamela. Amajamela wekhowunikheyseni engenakho umqoqosho weqondo lobuchule usebenzisa amalgorithimu alungileyo ukuvavanya ispektramu kanye nenkosi yamandla lapho kudingeka kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokujamela ezinhle zezinhloso zokwenza izpektramu zingasebenza ngokugcina ubuchule befrequency-hopping spread spectrum signals ezama ukuthiwe ngokujamela. Amajamela wekhowunikheyseni engenakho umqoqosho angeniweyo yezinhloso zasekhankatha zingaba nezindlela zokukhanya ezifanisa nezinyo eziyinkululeko ukuthiwe amagotyela ekhankatha. Le inqubomgomo yokontrola ispektramu iyisisekelo sezo zinhlelo zokujamela wekhowunikheyseni engenakho umqoqosho.

Ukwenza kwezindleko ezingenakushinteka

Izilayisi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi. Lokhu kwenza ukuxhumana ngokwegqi kungasebenzi ngaphandle kokuthi kungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwezinsimbi noma ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla. Izilayisi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi nezici eziningi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi zokuxhumana ngokwegqi. Ezinye izimodeli zifaka phakathi amandla amandla amandla aphakathi kwezici eziyisicelo ngenkathi asenza ukuxhumana ngokwegqi. Imisebenzi yokulungisa amandla iyisicelo esebenza kakhulu emakethekweni apho ukuxhumana ngokwegqi okukhulu kungase kuthinte amandla amakhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuxhumana ngokwegqi kungasebenzi ngokungcono noma ngokuphelele kwezilayisi zamanje zokuxhumana ngokwegqi.

Ukuphelelwa kwezimali nezokuprivetha

Ukuvikelwa kwezithombi ezink confidential

Izinja lokugcina ukuxhumana ngendawo zizama ukuvikela ukungena kwezinye izinkrithi ngokuvimba izindlela zokuthumela kwezinye izinhlelo eziphathelene nezimali. Ezindlela zokuphathwa kusetshenziswa lezi zinhlelo ukuthintana nezinhlelo zokugcina ukuthumela izinkrithi ezitholwe ngaphandle. Isimo esihle sokugcinwa ngendawo sokuxhumana esingekho siqu ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana. Izinhlelo zasegoveni zisetshenziswa izinja zokugcinwa ngendawo sokuxhumana lapho kuzodwa ukuxhumana okuphezulu ukuvikela ukuthiwa kwezinhlelo ezingatholakali. Lokhu kwezokupriva kuyafaka phakathi ezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho izinkrithi zasekile nezinca zokuphatha zisetshenziswa ukuvikela ukungena kwezinhlelo zokuthula. Lezi zinhlelo zibonisa indlela ethi izinja zokugcinwa ngendawo sokuxhumana ziyindlela ebalulekile kakhulu ekuxhovweni kwamanje wokuvikela izinkrithi.

Ukugcina izinhlelo ngaphandle kwezona

Izinja zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa zokwezisa zingasebenza njengokwezisa izinhlayiya zokwezisa zokubombecha noma izinhlayiya zokukhombisa ngokungathulwanga. Lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ukuthola ukwazi okuphezulu kwezinkinga nezinhlobo zokuxhumana. Amagqirha wokulawula amathulwane asetshenziswa yilabo abasebenzisa izinja zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa ukuvikela ukubombecha kwezinhlayiya ngemizuzwana yokulahleka. Imisebenzi yokwezisa izinhlayiya iyaphakama kuma-opereyisheni wezinhlobo zezinja zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa apho izinja zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa ziyakhaza izinkhombisa zokubophelela kwezinhlobo zasekhaya. Kumaqo kanye, ukulawula kuyasebenzisa izinja zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa ezinamathulwane ukuvikela izindlulwane kwezinhlayiya zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa ezinamathulwane. Lokhu kusebenza njengokuvikela amathwali fakela kubonisa indima ephambene nezinhlobo zokuxhumana ngokwegunyazwa kumaqo okulawulwa ngayo.

Ukulawula nokuhlela

Ukuxhumana ngokuphezu kwezinyanga

Amadoda wokugcina amathuluzi angasebenzisa izilwanyana zokuxhumana zokusebenza ngokungafani ukwenza ukumkela okuhlelwe kwezinyathelo eziphambene noma kwezimo zokulimala. Izilithi zokugcina amathambo abasebenzisa le ndlela ukuvikela abasebenzeli ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa izinhlayiya zokuxhumana ezikhona. Izilwanyana zokuxhumana zokusebenza ngokungafani zicumele ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo ngokuhlela ukuxhumana kwezabo ezikhathini eziphambene ngekuphela kwezabo ukufinyelela kwezinye izinto. Le ndawo yokumkela kufanele kuhlelwe ngokucophele ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko ukuze kuthintwe kakhulu indawo efihliwe. Izilwanyana zokuxhumana zokusebenza ngokungafani zamanje zingakhiwa izindawo eziyisikulu ngokuhlelwe ngokuchanekile ngokungabi yonke noma yindlela. Le nqobile icumele ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo ngokuchanekile ukuthi kuthinte kakhulu amaqembu amanje nezabo ezinhloko.

Ukuvikela Iindlela Zokuxhumana

Izinja zokuxhumana ngokugcwele ngokungafanelekile zinikeza amandla yokuvikela izinhloso zokuxhumana ngokwezinye ngelokho ezinye zisebenze ngokulula. Le ndlela yokukhetha kakhulu kuvumela amathimba wezimal security ukuvikela kuphela izinxalenye ezingathandeki noma engavumelekile. Izinja zokuxhumana ngokugcwele ngokungafanelekile nezinhloso ezingekhethiwe zingavikela izinhloso zocingo olukhethiwe, izinhloso ze-Wi-Fi, noma izifreqensi eziyisisekelo ngaphandle kokuvikela konke okungu-entire spectra. Le ndlela yokukhetha kakhulu iyisigaba esibalulekile kumakhiwano wecorporate lapho kunezinhloso zezinxalenye ezingafanelekile zokuvikela kodwa kumele kube nephakamisa ukufinyelela kwenkorporethi. Kunezinja zokuxhumana ngokugcwele ngokungafanelekile azingakwazi ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhloso ezahlukene ngenkca yezinxalenye zazo zokuthumela. Le ndlela yokubhekeka ngokugcera kakhulu iyisicelo esisha ngaphandle kwezinye izinhloso zeminyaka yami eledlile.

Imisebenzi yesithakazelo noma Imisebenzi Yempi

Ukusekwa kwezokuxhumana ngemikhiyamo

Izinhlayiya zokuxhumana ngokwegolide zokugcina izinhlobo eziphathelene ne-elekthronikhi ezifaka amandla emibandela yamandla. Lezi zinhlobo zihlinza izigaba zokugcina nokubophezela izinhlobo zabantu abathile. Lezi zinhlayiya ngokuxhumana ngokwegolide kuzindlela zokuphela kuyasebenza ngokuthuthukisa iziqiniso ezingenakwenzeka ukuthi zihlakule amandla wabathile. Imisebenzi ye-elekthronikhi ayiphansi kuphela ukuthuthuka kodwa ukuthuthuka okuhle ngokushesha kanye nezinhlobo zezindlela zokugcina. Lezi zinhlayiya zokuxhumana ngokwegolide ezisemlweni wokuphila kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuthuthuka okunewo ukuthi zingakwazi ukuthuthuka ngokushintsha izinombolo futhi ukuthuthuka ngokwezombuluko. Le ukuthuthuka kuyakunika amandla ukuthi kuzobe kusebenza ngokuthuthuka kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhumana zabantu abathile.

Imithombo Yokulawula Amagqoko

Ibase leyoqobo kunye neziphumo zokusebenza phambili zisetshenziswa kwi-jammers zokuxhumana ngokungqinelwa ngokuchithwe kwezinyathelo zokulungiswa. Le ndiza zikhupha ukulwa kwezixhobo zokuphatha ngokuxhumana xa kufikelelwa kwiindlela ezihloniphekileyo. I-Jammers ezingxenyeni zokuxhumana ngokungqinelwa zikhusela iindlela ukuba zihlinzekwe kwiingxaki ezixheleneyo xa zihamba kuzo iindlela ezinekwekiso. Indawo yokulungiswa kule ndiza ikuxhomekeke kwezindlela zokuxhumana eziphiwoyo zikwenzelwe ukusebenza ngelixa izixhobo zokuxhumana zase-Dubu zikhutshulwe. I-Jammers zokuxhumana ngokungqinelwa ezinhlelweyo yimpiyo zinzalela ukuba zinezigaba ezinembileyo ezikwazi ukuthula kwiimoto ezithileyo. Le ndawo ikubonisa indlela ethileyo le technology yajammer yethula amathuba ngokukhupha abantu abathile ukuba bakhuthaze izinto okanye bavale amandla.

Izinto zokulawulwa kunye nezinto zokujabulela

Izicwangciso zokulandela Imigwaliso

Ababhangele bokuxhumana ngokweselula abasebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukuhamba kwezinhlelo ngokulandelana nezimali. Izinhlelo ziningi zifaka kagelelo ethinta ukusebenza kumaqo angavunyelwa noma kumaqo avunyelwe. Iindlela zokuthiwa izilawuliwe kumaqo amathiselwe ukuxhumana ngokweselula zenza amagama okuhamba kwezinhlelo, izimanga, nezinhlelo ezihlambedwa. Kuzo zinye izwe zidinga amakhodi wokuvunyela ukuqala izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngokweselula. Lezi zindlela zokulawula kuzo kuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kwezimo eziphathimende kakhulu ngelokho kungavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngendlela engavunyelwanga. Isimo sepalamente esixhumiweyo kumaqo amathiselwe ukuxhumana ngokweselula sishintjiswa ngokwehlukahluka phakathi kwezwe, noma yikuphi ukusebenzisa yabantu abangasebenzi kakhulu noma kungavunyelwa ngokugcwele.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesimo Esingasemnto

Ukucubungula kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwezimali kubandakanya izindlela ezinhlobo ngokuthulaselana ukwenza ukuthi kungena kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana. I-Directional antennas iyindlela yokuthumela amandla emkhathini ngokungafanele. Ukuphatha amandla ngendlela efanele kuyindlela yokuthi izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwebandakanya ukuthumela amandla ngokuthula okudingekayo. Kunezinhlelo ezingu-authorized nezoku-Unauthorized ngokucubungula isiyalelo esifanele. Ezinhlelo eziphezulu zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwebandakanya ukuthumela i-beamforming technology ukuthi kuthintane ngokucophelela futhi kungena kakhulu emaphakamini amandla. Lezi zindlela zokuthulaselana kuyindlela yokuthi ukucubungula kwenziwe ngendlela efanele lapho kubandakanywa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izifreqensi zingaki ezingakublocka ukucubungula kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngaphandle?

Izinhlelo zomqondo ngokuvumelana kufakwe amandla wocingo (700MHz-2.6GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4GHz/5GHz), GPS (1.1-1.6GHz), namanye amandla angcono osayithelwe.

Yini lehlawulayo lomkhawulo wokuxhumana osayithelwe ukuwukhuphula?

Imithambo ethulwana iyahluka kusuka kumitha 10 yezinhawu ezinamandla kakhulu kusuka kumakilomitha amaningi kwezinhawu eziphakeme, kulingana nezimo zasekhaya namandla wocingo.

Ngaba izinhawu zomkhawulo wokuxhumana osayithelwe zingasebenza ngokuhlukile kwezilimi?

Izinhlelo eziphambene nezinhlelo zokuvakasha zingasebenza ngokuhlukile kwezilimi futhi zikhetha amathreats ashiyekile aze azivumele ukuxhumana okuvunyelwe.

Ngabe kukhona izimo eziphathelene nezindleko ezingenakuvunyelwa yokusebenzisa izinhawu zomkhawulo wokuxhumana osayithelwe?

Amakhweli amaningi afaka amaphela amakhulu aze amaphela amaningi aphawulelwa kwezinhawu ezingenakuvunyelwa ezixhumene nezinhawu zokuxhumana ezenziwe yilawu.