Ziziphi Iziphakamiso ze-Detector ye-Sigina le-UAV?

Izinhlobo zezindiza ezingasemlonyeni (UAVs) zilungise izaci eziningi, kusukela kusevisi yokuletha kommerciali ukuya kumsebenzi wositha, kodwa ukuthuthuka kwazo kwanika imiba engcono yekhono. Ngemuva kokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezindiza ziphumelela futhi ziyisisekelo, ikhono lokulungiswa nokulandelela kakhulu likhona. Itholi le-UAV lithile kakhulu ekhono lesekurhini lenzuzo, licinga izigodi ezingavunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba zilungele impi. Lezi zixoxo ezihlanzekile zisebenza ngokuthatha isiqinisekiso nesilinganiso sesikhathi phakathi kwe-drone nembuzi wazo, okwenzela abasebenzi besekurhini ukuphendula ngendlela efanele kumaqondo aphathelene neminyaka.

Ukulungiswa Kwemfanelo Ebalulekile Kunye Nokuhlinzeka Kwegolide

Ukuhlinzeka Kwesisindo Nezimpilo Zokuzala

Umvutho wokwenzela kwe-enerji kuyisibonelo esikhulu kakhulu kwezixhumanisi ezinamandla ezingavunyelwa ukusebenza kwe-UAV, kepha kudingeka ukususa izinhlelo zokudala ukuqonda kwezimali. Izinkundla zokwakha kwe-enerji, izinkinga zokwahlukanisa kwezimali, nezinhlelo zokwakha kwe-enerji ethu ethembekileyo zisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokudala ukuqonda ukuze ziqhubeke nokulawula izilwane futhi zivikale izidingo noma izinyathelo zokuhlaziywa. Ukhotha okukhona kokudala amasheli we-drone emaxeshe aphambene akuvumela amagunya wokuphatha ukusebenzisa izimiso ezahlukene zokuphendula, kusukela ekunikelweni kwemvume kuya kususa izindlela zokuphepha ngokulinganiswa kwezilingo.

Izikhungo ze-zenzo zimanje zihlanganisa izimo eziningi zokuthola, kanye nezibalo ze-radar, ukwakha iindawo eziphumelelayo emva kwizinto eziphambene. Le miqondo inokwahlukanisa phakathi kwe-drones zokulungisa eziyenzekelayo kunye neengxaki zokuphepha ngokuchazela iimpawu zamanyathelo amaxesha. Idatha ye-nkqubo yokudluliswa kwe-UAV ikunceda abaphathi bezikhungo ukuxhasana nabasebenzi basekhaya nabahloli xa kukhangekile ukuba kukho umsebenzi owenziwa ngaphandle.

Iinkqubo Zokuphepha Kwiziko Lomphumela

Amaduli ezondlo, amathekwane, nemitholampilo emkhulu yasezindaweni zokuhamba kwezimali ihlala isebenza ngemisebenzi yokuthola ukuze ihlinzeke ubomi babafilethi nabasebenzi. Izikhungo zokuhamba kwamazwe zihlanganisa izinkinga eziphathelene nokufinyelela kwebhlayida, ngoba i-UAV engavumelekile ingahlotshwa ukusebenza kwezimali futhi ingabangela ukugcwaliswa kwezimali ngexesha lokuphuma nolofika. Imisebenzi yokuthola kulezo zikhungo kumele ihlenze kabusha ngendlela efihlakele ukubiza okungafanelekile kusuka kumazwe alandelayo nezixhumanisi zezinhlelo zomlando.

Imigwaqo yesilwayo nemphakathi yamandla ihlanganisa amandla wokuthola, ikakhulukazi ngexesha leziganeko eziphelele noma ixesha eliphathelene nobubi obukhulu. Amabhodi wobubi bezindleko zisisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo ukuhlola izinkundla ezibalulekile, iziqhamo, izitshalo, nezindawo zokuxhumanisa lapho ukubuka kwebhlayida kungahlupha ububi bonke noma ubomi babantu. Ubunzima be ihandiheld izigameko zokuthola kusiza abasebenzi besicelo ukuba bahlengalele ekugcineni kuzindawo eziphathelene nokhotho noma kuzindawo eziphathelene nobubi obukhulu.

Imisebenzi Yempilo Nezimali

Ukulungisa Kwemvula Nokukhokha Kwezimali

Izenzo zokukhokha kwezimali ephakathini zisebenzisa Umvumezo wezinhlelo zokuthola izixwayiso teknoloji ukulandela izindawo zomkhanyakwede zomkhanyakwede lapho izindlela zokulandela eziphumelelayo azisabalali kakhulu noma zomda. Lezi zixweba zinika amalungisi wezimali amandla okubona izinyathelo ezinokuba yizimemezeza, ukudlula okungavunyelwa, nezinyathelo zokulandela ezenzelwa ngendiza yezimali. Isilinganiso eside sokuthola kwalezi ndima ezintsha kusinika amandla ukukhokha ukukhokha izinyathelo ezingafanele phambi kokufihla emastructure ethintekayo yezimali noma ezindaweni ezidweshelweyo.

Ukuthunyelwa kwi-inthanethi yesivivinyo yangaphandle yokukhokha kwezimali kuyangenhlela ukwazi kwezimo futhi kwenza kube khona izinyathelo ezithunyanayo phakathi kwezenzo eziningi nezibhala. Idatha yokuthola ingahlaziyeka ngexesha elijwayelekile kuqediwe, kuvumela ukumisa okuphathelene kwezinyathelo zamagunya namanxuba. Lokhu kusho iqiniso likhethekile emakhundleni aneziphikiswano apho izilungiswa zejondolo zihlangana nemingcele engcono.

Ukukhuseleka Kwendawo Yengungu Nezindlela Zokulima Ukwenza Kwempilo

Izithunzi zomphakathi ziqhubeka ngokuthandazeka kuzindlela zokudala ukuhlola iziganeko ezinkulu zezezimali, ukuphatha nokugcina lapho idroneyi engavumelekile ingathintela ubomi bonke noma ububi. Le zindlela zisiza kuzithunzi zokupolisa ukusabela phakathi kwekhabhini yomlando ethembekile, izindrone zokuphepha eziqinisekile kanye nezithintela ezingalungile kwezinhlongo zempilo noma zotshwala. Inhloso yokulandela abasebenzisa izindrone ngokuzahlola isiyinali ibenza abasebenzi bakwenzayo bafakelane ngezimpendulo ezibalulekile kumsebenzi wabo ongapheli.

Iindlela ezithile kumzi wempilo zasekhaya zisebenzisa iimeko ezinzima zokukhangela ngexesha lokukhokelela okupheleleyo, imfundo yokuphatha ababingeleli, kunye nezinyathelo zokulwa kumgangatho. Ubume bomgwebo wemeko yokukhangela ekaphetheni kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bakhangele indawo ephakamileyo ngaphandle kokubiza iqiniso eliqhelekileyo kwimbono yabo. Le mfuno yokukhangela ngomgwebo ibaluleke kakhulu xa kuchazwa imidwebo yempilo enobumbane engasetyenziswa ngamadroni ukufunda okanye ukuthwala.

Ukusebenzisa kweNtsebelezulo kunye nendawo yokugcina

Imithombo yokugcina umda weBhasi

Iziseko zomlando ebusweni wonke zisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezibonakalayo zodetect drone ukuze zilindele abantu, izixhobo, nezinyathelo ezimnqamlezileyo kumhlaba wokukhangela kanye nokuthintwa okungafanelekanga. Kufuneka le miuquo isebenze embonweni yemifanekiso ye-electromagnetic ngexesha elijulileyo lapho ibonisa phakathi kwezilwanyana ezivumelekileyo zomlando, umlando wabantu, neendanda ezingasemgangatho. Iinkqubo ezinezimali eziphuculeyo zinika amandla abasebenzisi bomlando ukuthi bahlale ngokuchaza iithreats ngokwahlulahlula iingxaki ze-communication, iindlela zokuxhuma, nakho iindiketha zepayload.

Izindlu zokusebenza phambili nezikhala zenqaba ezizungezile zifawula izixhobo zokuthola ezingavulwa kusuku olunye, ezingakwazi ukulungiselela izigaba zokuphepha ngemizuzwana embalwa kamva kokufika. Lezi zixhobo ezinzima zinikela abalawuli ubuqhubekayo bokwaziwa kwezimo ezintshonalanga njengoko izixhobo zezimali zentliziyo eziphethwe kungase kuziphetha noma akukho kuzo. Ukudibanisa idatha yokuthola negunya lekholoni yesiko yokuhamathelwa kuyimpendulo enxulumene ngaphezu kwezigaba ezahlukene zokuphepha.

Ukuqokelela Kwengebongo Nokulinganisa Kuthixo

Izebethulo lengebongo izisebenzisa iingcambu ezihlengahlenga zokuthola ukujongana nezibonelelo zezenzo ezingavakashela iiprojekthi zokwenza i-drone zezilwanyana kwaye iinkcazelo zokusebenza. Ngokuchazela iimpawu zesignale, iiprotokholi zokuxhumana, kunye neendlela zokuhlala, abagqityi bangalinganisa ukuphucuka kwentechnology kunye nomdwebo wokutshatyalaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe kumathuba ahlinzekelayo. Le ngcebongo ibaluleke ekwenzeni iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphulaphula kunye nokuthatha iindlela zokuphepha.

Amaphondo eziphatha kakhulu esemzini esihlukene asebenzisa izinhlelo zokwakala ezinokuthathwa yisandla ngexesha lezimemo zokuphatha kanye nezimemo ezibuthelene njengoqobo. Ukuchazwa kwamadroni ezingalungile akuvumela amaphondo okusebenza ukulungiselela indlela, ixesha, nokuthetha ukuze akwazi ukuzivikela. Lezi zinhlelo zanikeza futhi isimemezo sangaphambilini mayelana nomlando omdaka wamadroni, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanelekileyo zokuvikela.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesicelo Sezimali Nasezindustrengeni

Ukulungiselela Kwegolide Yekhompiyutha

Iinkampani ezinkulu, ikakhulu ezase teknoloji, ezase pharamasi, nezokumkela kwezobuchwepheshe, zisebenzisa iindiza zokuthola izimoto ezingenakho ukufinyelela ukuze zilindele iphondo lemfundo kunye nempahla yezendalo ukuba ingcinwe ngaphandle kwezigulo zezendalo. Iivenkile zokuphuhlisa nokuzinza ziyafana nokuchithwa kakhulu kwiindiza ezingenakho ukufinyelela, ngoba abathengi okanye iintsango zomphakathi zezizwe ezifanayo zingathatha isishwankathelo sokunika imininingwane engcono ngokuthenga ngokuthenga kwindiza. Iindiza zokuthola ziphinda iidepartimenti zokuphepha inkinga yokubona nokuphendula kule mthetho apho imininingwane ethile ayiphinde iyahlwaye.

Izikhungo zokwakha ezibanjwe kuzindlela eziphambili noma ezisebenzisa izindlela eziphatha ngokweqile zifuna ukulandela konke amazulu ngendlela eqhubekayo ukuze akwazi ukuthembeka okungavumelekile kwemisebenzi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo yokudala nezinqumo zasekupheleni kusivumela ukuphendula ngendlela eqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi ukukhumbula abasebenzi basecurity, ukuvula izindlela zokulindela, nokugcina iminikelo yezinkinga ngomlando. Lokhu kubonakaliso okuphelele kusiza izigodi ekugcineni izimphakatsi zokulingana ngelengelela njalo ngokuqonda izidingo zokulawula ukucopheleka kwemvume.

Ukuphepha Kweziganeko Nokuphatha Indawo

Imikhakha emkhulu yesithembu, izindimana, nezokugcina kumphakathi kudinga izindlela zokuphepha eziphucukelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahambayo baphilile futhi kubeke ngemiphumela. Abagcini bezimbizo bakhetha izinhlelo zokudala ukuze bazamele indawo yasezulwini ngaphezulu kwendawo baze babhalise amadotera angavumelekile angalayishaya izinto ezibulali, enza ubukhona, noma abandlulela umsebenzi wokubhrosa wezindaba. Ukufakazwa kokuthola nokulandelela izixhumanisi ze-drones eziningi ngokuyizolo kuvumela izigwebo sokuphepha ukulungiselela izimpendulo ngokulinganisa izindlela zokulima.

Imbizo ezizange iyisikhathi ibeke ngemidumo yokuthola engaqondakali engakhethwa ngokushesha futhi ayisakele ngokulinganisa ngezidingo zomphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zisebenze ngempumelelo kumzimba ongaphansi kwe-frequency ye-radio ngelinye ihlinzekile ekulindeleni izilingo. Ukuxhasana nozinduna zezulwini zomphakathi kuvumela ukuthi izinhlelo zokudala azibandlule izisebenzo ezivumelekile zamadotera noma izinqubo zokuphepha.

Ukuzimiswa Kwesayensi Nokunqoba Kwezinkinga Yokusebenzisa

Ukuprosesa Kwesinyo Nokwaziwa Kwegama

Imithombo yesivivinyo se-UAV kufuneka iphrofesa imilayezi engaphezulu yesikhu esijwayelekile ngemuva kwebaluleko elikhulu lokuthola futhi ukunciphisa okuningi kwebangela. Ukukhula kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana neendiza, kubandakanya ukushintsha kwe-frequency, ukugcina, nokuthumela izigaba ezincane, kudinga izahluko ezide eziphumelelayo zephasiwodi nabezindaba zomsebenzi wokufunda. Imithombo yokuthola kufuneka iyisethe kakhulu ikhulu lakho lezimpilo ukuze ithole amadelu mayelana nomfanekiso womdlalo kunye nomthetho wokuxhumana njengoko aza emazeni.

Izinkinga zomphakathi, kanye nezimo zezulu, izimo zentlango, kanye nokugayaya kwemifanekiso ye-electromagnetic, kunezimpact ekhulu kumsebenzi wokuthola futhi kumele kuzwaqalwe xa kusetyenziswa nomkhubha. Izindawo zengcwele zinamathuba amakhulu ngoba kunezigibeli zomshini, ukudluliswa okungaphezu kwezindlela, kanye nezinga eliphakade le-noise yomshini we-radio frequency. Izinsiza zasezindaweni zasendlelinde zingaba nesizungu esahlukene, kanye nezidingo ezide zokuthola kanye nokudinga ukusebenza ngokwalo ngaphandle kokuxhumana kabusha nokuthuthukisa teknoloji.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwizinhlelo Zasekuhlaleni

Ukusebenzisa kahle kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okungapheliyo nezembo zokuphepha ezikhona, kufana nokunethweka kovidiyo, izixhobo zokuvula, nezixhobo zokugcina imiyalelo yemiyalelo. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzi bokuphepha ukuthi bathole isiqiniseko sevidiyo nesinye isifo sedatha ngamanye amathuba okwakha umsindo, ukuthuthukisa ubuncike bezimiso zomsindo nokuphendula kahle. Izibongo eziphathelene nezindlela zokuxoxwa kanye nezifomethi zedatha zihlenza ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezinhlelo zohlelo oluhlu kanye nezinhlelo ezindala.

Izidingo zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi kuyizinkinga ebalulekile uma izixhobo zokudala zihlangana nenethiwekhi ephambili yesiko samakhono noma zihlangana nedatha nabanye abahlali. Izindlela zokuphepha kwebhuluki kumele zilindele ukuthi izixhobo zokudala aziphungulwe ngempela, njengoko zihlola ukuthandabuzeka okubalulekile kanye nokuthi kuthunyelwe idatha lapho kudingeka ukuphendula ngokuhlanganayo. Ukuchaza kancane kanye nokuvuselela kwezinkomba kusiza ekugcineni ubungako bezinhlelo ngempela ngempela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungakanani imfihlakalo yezixhobo zokuthola isinyelo se-UAV ngokunqamleza kwezobuchwepheshe?

Njengoko ukunqamleza kumkela ukutholakala kwesivumelwano esithile, izixhobo zokuthola isinyelo se-UAV zisebenza ngokuthola ukuba kukhona isobuchwepheshe ngenkcazo yesinyelo, izikhathi, nokuchazwa kwezinhla. Izixhobo ezininzi zisebenzisa iindlela ezibonakalayo zomfanekiso waseMlango (machine learning) ukuze zibone isobuchwepheshe se-drone futhi zingahlaziye umfanekiso we-drone, indawo ephakeme, kanye nodaba lwemfuyo lapho kube sele idatha ayifumaneki. Imfihlakalo ivuselela ngisho xa kunqamlezeka.

Yiziphi izindlela ezihlelekileyo zokuthola isinyelo zeenguqu ezintsha zeenguqu zezixhobo ze-UAV?

Izindlela zokuthola kuyahlukahluka ngokubanzi ngokwesimo sohlelo, imithwalo, nezidingo, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-1 ku-10 km kwezixhobo ezinembhande kanye no-30 km kwezixhobo ezivikelayo. Izinto ezihlinzekayo kuzo zilandelayo: amandla okuthumela kwe-drone, isiqhameko ukumiswe, izimpedlani zomphakathi, nezimo zesifazane. Sisekelo sikhulu sasebenza ngokwesandla ku-2-5 kilometers phantsi kwezimo ezinhle zokusebenza, okufanelekile kakhulu kulawo onke amaphrojekthi esiphatha.

Ingabe izithululi zocingo lwe-UAV zingadistinguisha phakathi kweminyaka etholakala nezingatholakali?

Izinhlelo ezenziwa ngamandla zokwazi ukubona iminyaka etholakalayo ngendlela eyizihlanu, kungaphandle kwegama lecingo elitholakalayo, uhlanga lwesivuno, nokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokuphatha umbuthano wasekhanyini. Kunezinhlelo eziphephile ezivumela izibonelo zobuchwepheshe beziminyaka ukuze zilahle ubuciko. Kodwa-ke, ukubonwa kahle kudinga indlela eyengeziwe yokuchaza, njengoba abasebenzisi basebenzisa izicelo zokucabanga noma baphatha iminyaka engatholakalayo.

Kuzikhiwa yiziphi izigaba zolawo xa kusekelwa izinhlelo zocingo lwe-UAV?

Izimfuneko zezenzo ziyathetha ngasinye isifundazwe nesiseko, okunjalo kakhulu izizwe ezidinga ivoli lekufakiwa kwemithwalo yokubheka ifreqhenzi yesingalongo futhi ukulungiselela kwezimfuneko zesilungu. Amayiko kumele aqaphele amalungelo abantu, izimfuneko zomthonyama, nokuthintana kwezimali zokulawula umthonyama ngaphambi kokususa izinhlelo zokudala. Kusinye isifundazwe sinquma noma sivikela izinkokhelo ezithile zokudala, ikakhulu ukukhipha kwesingalongo nokumisa izinkumbulo, kudinga ukuhlolwa kabusha kwenzo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.