Kutheni Kusebenzisa Isango Se-Antenna Eshumayela Emathuba Ase-Drone?

Iziphatshwa zamanzi zokuphepha kuyakhula ngokuthi i-drone ezingavunyelwa zifinyelela kwindawo ethintekayo, kudinga ukusebenzisa izindlela ezimelegayo ukuze uvuselele amathuba amathile kunye nokuphepha kwamaphandle. A eshumayela isiqhameko kuyisahluko esibalulekile kumithombo yesivivinyo sangaphakathi esihlelekile, ekunikeza amandla okudweba ishidi esiqondene ngenhloso eyenziwa ngamathuba angcono akwenzekayo. Leli qhaza lezinhloso likhuthaza ukuthumela kwamandla e-electromagnetic, ekunika abasebenzi besivivinyo indlela yokumiswa kuzilwane ezithile zangaphakathi njengoba kunciphisa ukungqamuka kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana zingaphandle nezinye izilwane ezenzekelayo.

Ukusebenzisa kwezimali i-antennas ezigcwele kuze kube yisigaba esikhulu ekugcineni izindiza zezinhloso zezinhloso, amadoda, izindlu zezendawo, neziseko zomphakathi. Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezibalulekile ezenza ukuthi izinketho zokuthumela ziphinde ziphinde zibuyekezelwe emkhawulweni ongcwele, i-antennas ezigcwele zihlakaniphisa amandla wokuthwala phambili kuzindikho ezithile, zinikeza ubunzima obukhulu besivumelwano ngelinye nje kodwa zilondoloza indlela yokusebenza. Lokhu kusivumelwano okuphathelene kusivumela ukuthi abasebenzisi bezinhloso bazilahle kelapha izinhloso zabo ngaphandle kokuthintana nezinhlelo zocingo, izinhlelo ze-WiFi, noma izinhlelo zokuxhumana zokuphepha ebalulekile ebalulekile ebalulekile ebalulekile ebalulekile.

Abasebenzi basecurity bakhumbula ngokubanzi ukuthi ukucwalisa kwezinhloso kudinga ubuncane okungapheli kuphela kwizinhlelo zocingo. antena esebenza ngendlela ethile isistemu ingakwala izindiza ephambene ngemitha engaphezu kwemikilomita engaphezu kakhulu kodwa isetshenzisa amandla angcono kunazo ezinye izinhlangano zokuthintana. Lokhu kubeni kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, kunciphise ukuphila kwabhatere ngezinhlangano ezinokubuyiselwa, nokuncipha okukhona kokutholakala nguzebenkohlweni olunembile okusetshenziswa yizindlela zokulindela.

Iziphumo Zokuzinza Kwamathuba Aqondene Nezihlelo Zenantena

Ukuqina Kweyisheli Nokugcwalisa Amandla

Izintambo zokumelela zifihla imfazwe ephakeme ngokuthi ziqukethe ubunzima bezilandelayo kumagugu amancane, okuqondile kuya kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-60 digri ngokulinganiselwa kohlelo olithile. Lokhu kubamba kwenza kube khona inani eliphakeme lezindlela eziphathelene nendlela ethintekayo, njengoba kunciphisa kakhulu umlando weshayeli kumathuba angalindelekileyo. Umbono otholakala phakathi kwegaini yezintambo ne-breadwidth ubonisa ukuthi izimo ezimancane zenzela igaini ephakeme kakhulu, okwenzeka kungaphezulu kuka-15-20 dBi kumadeleli ohlelwe kangcono ofunwayo emisebenzini yokulahla izindlovu eziphathelene.

Igugu eliqinile lemininingwane likhuthaza izimoda ukuze bakhubeki imithetho yezokuxhumana ne-drones noma kube yiziphephetho eziphathelene nezihlwaya zempahla noma amandla okushintsha amafrekhenzi. Izindawo ezivamile zomkhumbi zimanje zisetyenziswa ngamathululiwe amanzi-nezibalo zokulungisa iphutha ezakhiwe ukugcina ukuxhumana emazingeni aphikisayo ye-RF. Kodwa, igugu eliphakeme lemininingwane engenayo esebenziswa kakhulu liyakwesusa le mithetho yokuphepha, lithule ukuphazanyiswa kwegunya lokuxhumana futhi libophele izilondo zokubuyela ekhaya ngokuzenzekelayo noma imithetho yesidingo sokulanda kakhulu ezakhiwe kakhulu kwi-platfomi zezimali zomsebenzi nezovamile. antena esebenza ngendlela ethile kuyakwesusa le mithetho yokuphepha, lithule ukuphazanyiswa kwegunya lokuxhumana futhi libophele izilondo zokubuyela ekhaya ngokuzenzekelayo noma imithetho yesidingo sokulanda kakhulu ezakhiwe kakhulu kwi-platfomi zezimali zomsebenzi nezovamile.

Ukunciphisa Ukungqamuka kanye Nokuhlala Ngemthetho

Izimfundo zokulawula ezingcono kuzomhlaba wonke izima izimo ezide izenzakalo ze-electromagnetic ukuze akwazi ukuthintana nokuthobela kwizindlu zokuxhumana, izinkundla zokuhlala, nezinhlangano zokuphila. I-antennas enegunya iyathelela lezi zimfundo ngokunikezela amandla awaye kusetyenziso sezinsuku ezivikelwe ngelisho ngenkathi ikhombisa amandla okujama apho akhomba ubungakanani obukhulu kwi-drones ezingavumelekile. Lokhu kubaluleka kakhulu xa kusekelwa i-counter-UAV systems emaphikeni, emakhospitalini, noma ezinye izindawo apho ukuxhumana kuyisisekelo esibalulekile ekuphileni komphakathi.

Ukunciphisa kwezindawo eziphathelene kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezomgwa apho amagunya ethimba kumele ihlinze izikhuthazo zedroni ngaphandle kokumelana abalambi besishayamthetho ekusebenziseni izindlela zokulahlela. Ijamelaqili yomjikelizo wonke umjelo uyakha uhlelo oluphakeme lokuxhumana okuhlinza ngokushesha izinyathelo zokulahlela kubalulekileyo. Ngokuhlukana, i-antenna engezwe ngokucophelela ingahlenga idroni eyitholakele futhi ibuye igcine izixhumanisi zezenyathelo ezingaphandle ziyekuphela, ikhondelela ububi bokusebenza nokukhulula ukwanda kwemisholo yesithwalala.

Izimphathi Zokusebenza KwiZici Zezenzo

Isilinganiso Esizinzileyo Nokufinyelela Kwemfaziswano

Ukumisa kwezindawo kusobala ukuthi izinhlelo zomshinelwa we-antenna zifinyelela imilinganiselo engaphezulu kunazo onke amathuba asebenzayo ngamandla angafani. Ukunakekelwa kwemilinganiselo kusuka kusindlela somshinelwa wokuthatha amandla okumisa futhi akhuthaze kuqobo apho izithixo zodaka zihamba phambili kuzindlu ezimhlotshelwe. Kuningi izikhungo zokuphepha kudinga ukwazi ukuchaza izindlela eziphethile zokuhamba kwedroneya ngenxa yezinto zasendle, izindawo zoluntu, nezimfuneko zokulima njalo, okunciphisa ukumisa komshinelwa ukuze kufakwe konke ikhaya elingcono.

Imithetho yokwehla kakhulu iyaphawula ngokukhulu xa ikhusela izikhungo ezinkulu njengezinsika zezimoto, izindawo zokunika amandla, noma izindawo zokuhamba kwamathukuthuku lapho ukulungiselela nokucwalisa izindleko kuthinta izimoto ezingavunyelwa ukufinyelela emakhayeni athintekile. Inkinobeko yokuthinta izihlalo emazingeni angaphezu kuka-2-3 km ekunikeza amagunya okuphepha inhuva eqondene ekubhekiseni ubungozi, ukusebenzisa izinqumo eziningi uma kudingeka, nokuxhumana nezigodi zempilo esizweni ezilawula ukulungiselela imoto engavunyelwa ukusebenza emandleni ayimfuneko.

Ukuthintela Kuhlengalenga Nokubala Ubungozi

Imithombo yesikhwama sedolobha inqanawa enqamuzana ihlanganisa nezinhlelo ezihlukene zokudala kanye nezinhlaka zokwakha izindlela, ekunika amagunya ukuthola nokuthembela izikhundla eziphethwe ngaphandle kokuthembela izinqanawa ezivumelekile ezisebenza endaweni efanayo. Lokhu okuthembekile kunciphisa izimangalalo engavumelekile kanti nakhiye ukungangezi kube khona ukungcono okungavumelekile ngezinqanawa ezivumelekile, izinkomo zokugcina ubomi, noma izinqanawa zezosayensi esemgangeni ezingasebenza ngasesikhathini sezimali noma emehlweni yomlando emnqamuzana nemigomo ethintekayo.

Inkinobeko yokumisa ngokucophelela kuthuthukisa izinhilo zokuphendula ephindeleka lapho abasebenzi besikhungo bangakhulula izinkathi ezithile zedroneyi endala ukuthi kuhlale kuchazwe ngokushesha okungakwazi ukudamage kwezinto noma ukulungwa kwabanye abantu. Izinkampani ezahlelekile zezinhloso zethu zingajama imiyalo ye-GPS ethinta kuphela ukuhamba kwezinhloso, zishaye izihlwe kuleli khanda kuze kube yilabo abasebenzisi bahlale bawuze. Nakunye, ukujama kuphela imiyalo yesekeli ngaphandle kokuhlanjulwa kwe-GPS kuthibizela izimiso zokubuyela ekhaya ezibuyisela ngqo kuzoshintshwa kwezinhloso.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwizinhilo Zonke ZeSikhungo

Uhlelo Lwesikhungo Ngezindima Eziningi

Imisebenzi efanele yokulahla izindiza kudinga ukuthi izinhloso zezokudonga ezigcwele ziphakanyiswe kumthombo onzima wezemfoko ethintana nokuthola, ukwazi, ukulandela, nokulahla izindlela. Inhloso yendonga iyisahluko esibalulekile sokusebenza, isebenza ngokuthinta indima ngezinhloso zokudonga ukuze ikwazi ukubona emaphakade, izihlwebo ze-ophoto-electro ukuze ikwazi ukubona ngobuso, nezinhloso zethembhu le-radio ukuze ikwazi ulwazi lwe-signal. Lokhu kugcinwa ngemigomo yamathuba ayizwe ukuthi amakhanda wokuphepha akwazi ukubona izitha ezafika kuqala, akwazi ukulinganisa izimfuno zazo, nakubeke izindlela ezifanele ngaphambi kwezindiza ezingavunyelwa zingene emakhundleni abalulekile.

Amaphrothokholi we-integration zihlanganisa izibuko ezihlawulwayo apho izinhlelo yokuthola kusenziwa ngokudluliswa kwezidingo kumakhontrola wamabhodi abhekene, kuvumela ukubamba ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthinta kwesisebenzi. Lezi zibuko ziyakuba nzima xa kusebenziswa kwiingcambu zokucindezela okanye kwiingcambu eziphathelene ngendlela eyijwayelekile apho izisebenzi azikwazi ukuphatha izidingo ngokushesha kangaka ukuze akhubazi ukungena kwezilwanyana ezigcinwa. Izinhlelo ezaneleyo zikwazi ukulandelela nokubamba amathargeti amaningi ngokujikeleza ngemikhumbi yamabhodi abhekene esebenzayo ngokulawulwa kahulumeni.

Ukuphatha Kwesikhathi Sokuguquguquka

Abakhi besidumbu esinamandla seminenkane sikhuseleka kakhulu izibonelo zabo zokuxhumana nokunakekelwa kwefrekhenzi ukuze bakwazi ukulahlela izimiso ezenziwa ukulahlekelwa, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhloso ze-antenna zifakwe ngokuhlakanipha izimo. Isayensi esisodwa se-rhadiyo esinguqulayo isenzela ukuthi izinhloso eziphathelene ngendlela efihlakeleyo zilahle ngokushesha i-band ejwayelekile, zilungise izindlela zokuxhumana ngesidumbu esinamandla futhi ziqatheke ekugcineni umlando wokulahlekelwa emaphakethini avamele abe usebenzisa lezi zimiso ezitholakele okungaphandle kokulahleka kumgwa waphakathi.

Oku kuthintela ukuthi kumise izindlela zokujama ngokuphelele, njalo kuqiniseke ukuthi kusetshenziswa amandla ngokuncane futhi kube khona ukukhishwa okuncane kumcabango wokuxhumana emaphakathini. Inqolobane ingathatha izinketho eziyinhloko ezibhekene nesiqalekiso sesinye sokuxhumana ngokusheshayo, kakhulu ukunyusa amandla xa isebenza kumadoda amadala, noma ukunciphisa umkhiqizo xa isebenza kumadoda afanayo. Izimiso ze-machine learning zihlenga kakhulu lezi zizathumba, zinikeza inqolobane amandla ekuboneni izinhlelo zodaka zithile futhi zifakelene ngokuzenzekelayo izici zokujama ezilungile kakhulu ngokulandela iminikelo yezivikeli nezinhlelo zokwakha izixhumaneko.

Ubuncike kwezimali nokuhlanjulwa kwemithombo

Ukuncipha kwezimali kanye namandla akhethekayo

Ukulethwa kwezimali ephathelene okunikezwa ngamabhodi wokhupha angaphatha ukunciphisa kakhulu kwizidingo zezimali zokuthumela ikhili ngokulinganisa nezimo eziphathelene ngaso konke okuzame ukufinyelela izilinganiso ezifanayo. Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwezimali kubangelisa ngqo ukuncipisa kwezindleko zokusebenza, ukugcwalisa ubude bezinsimbi yezinhlelo ezingavaleki, nokuncipisa kwezidingo zokulahla izinhlelo eziphakeme. Lezi zindlela zokuthuthukisa ziyaphawula kakhulu emkhakheni ofuna ukulindela iqiniso ngokuvamile lapho izindleko zezimali zibonakala njengenani enkulu yesigaba esibalulekile sengcamango.

Izinkinga zokusebenza kwezimali ziyaphakama ngaphezu kwezimali eziphathekayo ngokudla ukuba kutholakale ubuncane bezimali kumfanekiso wokwebala kwe-electrical, izixhobo zokugcina umlando, nezixhobo zokuphatha ubunzima. Amathonya angasebenzisa ngendlela efanelekileyo izixhobo ze-antenna ezihlola usondelelo usebenzisa i-infrastructure yamandla okwenzeka ngaphandle kokudinga kwemali enkulu yokuvuselela ukwenzela izixhobo ezikhulu zomlando onke. Lokhu kukhuliseka kwezimali kuvumela ukuthi kutholakale ngokushesha amandla okulawula amadoni emakhaya apho izidlalo ezide zokakha azikho njalo noma zingcono kakhulu.

Ukuhlelwa nokuziphatha Kwizinyathelo

Izixhobo zomgwa obulungu zazinzulu kakhulu kunezo zokuphakama okupheleleyo ngoba zinezikhathi eziphambili kwaye zinobukhona obunzulu kuba zinemfazwe encinci yemfazwana kwaye zinemigaqo engaphantsi. Indlela eyaqhubeka yokuthumela isiqiniseko esidingekayo iya kufumaneka ngokusebenzisa izimvo ezinezilingo eziphambili, ekubeni kube khona ubude bebuso kwaye kube nzima ukuzivikela. Izigaba ezibonakalayo zezixhobo zomgwa zazinzulu zasebenza ngokwaneleyo iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi ngaphandle kokususwa kakhulu ngaphandle kokucingenwa njalo nokujonga izihlangothi.

Umbono wesivumelwano owodwa kakhulu kwiintsango zonke ezinxulumene nokuba yintoni inxalenye eyayiseleyo kanye neenguqulelo zezenzo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi zilandelwe ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko ubuchule bezidumbu businda kwaye iindlela ezintsha zokhulula ziphumelela, abasebenzisi bangaba banokulawula ubunzima ngokubuyekeza iipharamitha zeshidi, zishenxe iingqungquthela eziphethwayo okanye zongeza iifrengi ezongezelelayo endaweni yokuthenga izixhobo ezintsha zamanzi aphantsi kwezidumbu. Le mikhondo yokuvuselela ivikela ixabiso likagunya elide emva kokuthi ibuyekela isenzakalo esihlala sisisiseko kwizidumbu ephucukelayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izifreqensi ezimini eziphi eziya kuzivakalisa i-antenna ezigcinezayo ukuze zibambe izidumbu?

Izintantawonyosi eziqukethe izindlela eziphathelene nokujama kwe-drone zifaka izikhathi eziphambene ezisetyenziswa ngu-drone zenhlangano, kanye nezikhathi ze-2.4 GHz kanye ne-5.8 GHz ISM bands ukuphatha izinkonke, ngaphezu kwezikhathi ze-1.2 GHz kanye ne-1.5 GHz ezigcinwa yezinkcazo zomdlalo we-GPS. Izinhlelo eziphathelene ngokuphelele zilandela futhi ukufakwa kwamakhulu kwe-433 MHz, 868 MHz, kanye ne-915 MHz ezigcinwa ngu-drones zendalo eziphucukile kanye nezinhlelo zakhiwo zamakhasi angaphambili. Ukukhethwa okuthile kwezikhathi kubangelwa ubuchwepheshe bendlu ngendlela kanye nezinhlobo ze-drone eziphileneyo kumzimba ohlinzekayo.

Ukuthini kungaphenjeleka kanjani kumsebenzi wosindiso lwesindlela kumalayini evikelwe?

Izimo zezulu zingakhusaza ukusebenza kwezinhloso eziphathelene ngezindlela ezithile kufuphi kumshini wokugayaza kwi-frequencies emncane, ukuthi ice ihlanganisa kubonakaliso bezinhloso, nokuthi umphumi wokwanda kuguqula ukuhlanjulwa komthwalo. Izinsiza zomprofesi zihlala zifaka izinhlangothi ezingavimba izimo zezulu nezimpawu zokushisa ukuze ziphendule ngokulinganayo kuzinyathelo zezimo zezulu. Ukuphazanyiswa kweguni kuyaphakamisa kungaphezu kwesikhombisa 10 GHz, kodwa izinkinga eziningi zokugayaza kwezinhloso eziphazanyiswa ngezansi kwesikhombisa 6 GHz ziyaphazanyiswa ngokudala okuncane kwezigaba ngemva kwezigaba eziyisisekelo.

Kungani izinhloso eziphathelene zingabekwa yizinkundla ezihle zokugayaza kwezinhloso ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulindela?

Nakuba i-antennas ezinemigqa zenzela izikhwama ze-electromagnetic ephathelene kunezinhlelo ezingaphandle kwe-omnidirectional, abaseshisa abade be-spectrum analyzers noma izixhobo zokwaziwa kumgwa bangakwazi ukubona imisebenzi yojamming. Kodwa, umgwa ophathelene kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuzibophelela ngoba izixhobo zokulandela kumele zilokalizwa ngaphakathi kwemgwa wakhe ukuze zifinyelele amashikelelo amakhulu. Inqubekonye yabasebenzi ingaqhubeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile njenge-frequency hopping, inketho yamandla, nokuseta kwegumbi elihle kwi-antenna ukuze kudutshukudutshukuwe ukuthi kubonakale ngelishwa kodwa kugcinwe ubunzima ngokulahlekwa kwe-drones ethintekayo.

Yiziphi izigaba ezihlukene zokuphatha okufanele kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa i-antennas eziphathelene kakhulu?

Izidingo zokuthintana zezinhloso ephathelene kakhulu ngokuphathelene kwesiqu, amandla wokuthumela, ibhande yethembhu, nezimo zomphakathi. Izinhloso ezijwayelekile ngezinhlangothi ezinamandla zihlala ihlanganisa izidingo eziphathekayo ezingu-1-3 ekilomithara engaphandle kwemidwebo yedironi enzululwazi, nokhwezi okuthile okukhethiwe kudinga ukuthinta emaziningeni angaphezu kwemithuba engu-5 ngemizamo ehlakaniphileyo. Isimo sezinto sikhetha kakhulu imodeli ethile yedirona eyayiqhathanisa, ngoba izihlabathi ezinamandla okufunda kakhulu noma izixhumanisi zokuxhumana ezindunyisayo azikwazi ukuchithwa emaziningeni aphezulu kunazo izinqamlezelo zakhiwo zasekhanda ezinamandla akhuthazayo.