Ukuthi Ukuthwala Kwedrone Kwenziwa Kanjani Emizini Yemikhosi?

Ukuthwasa Kwesibonelo Sokubhekana Nokugcina Idrone Kuzo Zonke Izinsizwa Zokuphatha Isithakazelo Sokuphatha Isilwane Esiphambili

Izinsizwa zonke izizwe ziyabhekana nesibonelo sokuphatha isilwane esiphambili esisikhulu apho ukubhekana nokugcina idrone kuyisibonelo esikhethekile ekupheleni kwemisebenzi. Abasemthwini bakhelwa izinsizwa ezingaphansi kwezimali, izinsizwa zokusebenzisa izinhlobo zezindlu zokuphatha isilwane esiphambili (UAS) ezinazo izinhlobo zezindlela zokuphatha isilwane esiphambili ezinkulu—kubuyisa ubunzima bezempilo yezinsizwa emhlabeni.

Ukuphakanyiswa Kwamadroni Okubhekana Nokubhekana Nokugcina Idrone Kwenza Ukuthwasa Kwesibonelo Sokubhekana Nokugcina Idrone Kwenza Ukuthwasa Kwesibonelo Sokubhekana Nokugcina Idrone

Ukutholakala kwezinkambo zezi ndlela zokusebenzisa izi-drones zokufaka izinto zokusebenza kakhulu kubeka isibonelo esincane kubasebenzi bezisifundazwe nebezisifundazwe. Lezi zinhlelo zingasebenza ngokwesibonelo ukuzilonda izihlalo zespekthremu, ukubona izihlalo zesikhathi sokusebenza, nokukhishela izisignal zokujama ngokuphelele ukuqhubeka kwemisebenzi yezi-drones zethu. Ngonyaka ka-2025, abavuzi bezempilo bafunda ukuthi kunezizwe eziningi kune-60 ozinazo izinkambo zokujama izi-drones zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo—okwenzwa ngokwesibonelo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvula nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvula. Ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyabeka amaphoyisa ukuzithatha ngokwesibonelo konke okusebenzayo kwezi-drones njengokusebenza okunokwenza ukuthi kubekwe ngokwesibonelo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaqondi, okuzokwenzela ukuthi kubekwe ngokwesibonelo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvula.

Ukuchaza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukuphulukisa ukusebenza kwe-C2, Ukuphulukisa i-GPS, nokufa kwemisebenzi emizini eyisibonelo

Ukukhathazwa kwe-drone okuphelele kubhekisa amasiko amabili amahle: izinkampani zokumela nokumela (C2) nezinkampani zokuhambisa ngokwesikhathi esihlukene. Ukukhathazwa kwe-bandi ye-2.4 GHz ne-5.8 GHz kungasebenza ukuthintela izindlela zokubhala izivideo ngokwesikhathi esihlukene nezinhlelo zokuzithola, ngakho-ke ukusimba kwe-GPS kuyabeka izindawo ezizinga ngokungafanele ukuze kubhekiswe izi-drone. Kwezindawo eziphakanyiswa—kodwa kufana ne-Europe yaseNtshonalanga neSouth China Sea—izimboni zokuvikela izimiso zazisiza kakhulu ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela. Uma izinkampani zokumela nokumela (C2) ziphululwa, izinhlelo ezingenabi abantu zibuyela kuqembu lokubuyela emuva noma kubaluleka ngokwesikhathi esihlukene, okungenzeka ukuthi zibe yisimo esingafanele kwezinye izimiso zokubona ngokwesikhathi esihlukene noma kwezimiso zokwenza izimpilo zokuphakamisa ngokuphelele. Isiphumo sokugcina sibonisa ukuthi isimo sokubona sisebenza ngokungafanele nokuthi isimo sokusebenza sibuyele emuva—loba kubhekisa izinhlelo zokukhathazwa zokuphakamisa okwesibili kuphela engaqondi lezi zinto.

Izinhlelo zokukhathazwa kwe-UAS ezihlanganisiwe ngokwesibonelo sokukhathazwa kwe-drone okunconywa ngokuphelele

Ukubonwa nokubhalwa ngaphansi kwokukhathazwa: Ukugcina izinhlelo zokubonwa phakathi kwe-RF, i-radar, ne-EO-IR

Ukuthwasa kwe-drone okuphambili kusula ukusebenza kwe-sensor esodwa, futhi kwenza ukuthwala kwe-sensor kubalulekile ukuthola nokubonisa ngokuphelele. Amasikani we-radio frequency (RF) ayilanda ngokungafanele amalayini wezokugcina nokubhala izivideo—kubeka isithakazelo se-drone nokubona indawo yalo nakwhena ukuthwasa kusula amasignature abanye. I-pulse-Doppler radar inikeza imininingwane yendawo ne-velocity engaphansi kwezindlela zokuthumela, ngelisho ukuthi i-electro-optical ne-infrared (EO-IR) cameras zibonisa ukubonisa ngokwesithakazelo ngokusebenzisa ukubona ngokwesithakazelo nokubona ngokwesithakazelo sokushisa. Ukuthwala lezi zinhlobo zokufaka ku-“common operating picture” kusiza abasebenzi ukubonisa amathreats nakwhena ukuthwasa kwe-GPS noma amaphakathi okuthwasa kwe-radar. Amaprogramu we-machine learning ayisondela ngokuphelele ukubonisa ngokwesithakazelo ngokulandela amasignature atholakalayo kubizwa ngamaprofile ase-drone—kuyisondela kubizo labadala bezintshiselano ezintsha ngokushesha. Ukuthwala kwezinhlobo zedatha okuphelele nokuxhumana okuphelele okungaphezulu kokuthwasa kwesithakazelo kusiza ukuba kubhekwe ngokuphelele nakwhena ukuthwasa okuphelele kwezinhlobo zokuthwasa.

Ukuhlanganisa Ukuzilawula nokulawula: Ukuhambisana Kwesikhathi Sami kubonakalo bokugcina kwedrone okuthinteka ngokuthekwane

Ngokuvoniswe, idrone kufuneka ikhangelwe nokwenza izinyathelo zokugcina ngokusebenza kakhulu. Isotware sokuphatha nokuphatha esikhethekileyo sibonakalisa amadatha okuvela emisensoleni yodwa, ishukumezela indawo yokwakhiwa yokuqondwa ngokuhamba kwezinyathelo zokugcina zokuthinteka ngokuthekwane. Lokhu kuhambisana kwesikhathi sami kuvumela izinyathelo zokulawula—njengokoqondwa kwe-RF okuthinteka ngokuthi, ukusimbulula kwe-GPS, noma ukulawula ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinamandla—kuphela lapho ukucindezeleka kwakho kuyiqondwa njengokuthinteka. Ukwenza izinyathelo zokulawula ngokuzihambisana kusukela ekuvonisweni ku-ukulawula kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula futhi kusinda ubukhona besikhathi sokusebenza phambi kokuthinteka okuthinteka ngokuthekwane. Ilaye yokuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokulawula iyabahlela izinkambo ngokuthinteka kwayo futhi iyavumela izinyathelo zokulawula eziphakeme ngokuhambisana—ukuvikela ukugcina kwezinto zokulawula emkhawini wokuthinteka okuphezulu.

Izinyathelo zokulawula ezingenamandla ngokuthinteka kwedrone

Izisombululo zokulawula elektroniki: Ukuthinteka kwe-RF okuthinteka ngokuthekwane futhi ukulawula kwe-GPS okuthinteka ngokuthekwane

Ukusebenzisa izinhlayo zokuphatha kwezinye izinhlayo (EW) ziyakhiqiza indima yokuqinisa ukuthi akukho-ukuthwasa kwezinhlayo zokuphatha kwezinye. Izinhlayo zokuthwasa zokubeka amandla e-RF zihlukanisa umbono wokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayo ne-omphathi—zithwasa izinyathelo eziningi zokuxhumana njenge-2.4 GHz ne-5.8 GHz. Uma kuzwa ukuthi kuyasinda, izinhlayo zezindaba zonke zizama ukwenza “ukuthwasa kwesikhathi sokungaxhumani” futhi zibuyela ekupheleni kwabo. Izinhlayo ezizwa isikhathi sezinye zizokhokha isikhathi sezinye sesiphelo se-magnetic ngokushesha, zilungise izinhlayo zokuthwasa ngokushesha ukuze zingabulali izinye zezinye zezindaba zokuxhumana. Ukuthwasa kwe-GPS kufaka kuleli qembu ngokuthi kubeka imininingwane engavumelekile yokusuka, okubangela ukungafundi kwezinye zezindaba futhi kuvumela ukuthi zihlale, zibuyele noma zilande. Ngokunye lezi zinhlayo ziyakhiqiza indima yokuqinisa okuphelele nokuthwasa—kepha kudinga ukuthi kuzisuswe ngokushesha ukuze kubulawe izinhlayo zokuphatha ezintsha nezinhlayo zokuphatha zezindaba zokuphatha ngokugcina.

Ukuthwasa Kwesikhathi Nokuthwasa Kwezinye Zizinhlayo: Izinhlayo Ezinamandla Okuthwasa Kwesikhathi Okuphelele

Ukuthatha isiphumo sika-Cyber suncwadiwe ngokufihla: ukubonakalisa indawo yokomandela yendrone ukuze uthathe isixhumanisi sokomandela. Ukuphumelela kuyaphendula kokuqondisa izinhlanzi zokuhambisa ifreqwensi futhi ukudala isinyathelo sokukhanya—okunika isibonelo esithile kwezinhlanzi zokuphatha nokusebenza kwezinhlanzi zokuzwa. Noma kusebenza kwezindawo ezisodwa, ukuphumelela kwakho kugcina ukungabi nesibonelo noma kusetyenziswa kwezinhlanzi eziphinde kuzwakalwe noma kwezinhlanzi ezinamandla. Izinkambo zokukhanya zokuvimbela zinakha izinkambo ezinamandla, engezifana nezinkambo zokuphatha, nezincwadi zokuphatha izinto ezizimele. Izinkambo ezinamandla zokukhanya (HELs) zikhipha izinhlanzi ngokukhanya kwezindawo eziningi, ngakho-ke izinkambo ezinamandla zokukhanya (HPMs) ziyabeka isinyathelo esikhulu kwezinhlanzi zokuzwa—okuyisisekelo esikhulu kwezinhlanzi eziningi kwezindawo ezizimbi. Zonke ziyadinga ukuthenga okuphelele nokuthenga okuphelele, kodwa ziyakhulisa isibonelo sakho sokuphatha lapha izinkambo zokuphatha azikwazi ukusebenza ngokwemithetho noma ngokwesimo sokusebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ukuthi nini ukuthwasa kwezinhlanzi?
Ukubambisana kwe-drone kusisiza kubonakala kwezindlela ezisebenzisa ngazo abahlozi ukuthi bakhululeke, bakhiphe, noma bakwamukele izinhlayiya zokuphuma kwemoto (UAS) ngokusebenzisa izindlela njenge- RF jamming, ukubhala phakathi kwe-GPS, noma ukufaka amagama okuvula.

Ukubambisana kwe-RF kuyaphindelela njani kwezinhlangano zokuphatha izinsizakalo?
Ukubambisana kwe-RF kungakhululeka izinkambo zokuphatha nokuphatha, kungavalela izifundo zokubona, futhi kungabhekisele ukuphatha kwe-drone, okubangela ukukhula kwamandla nokugcina kokuzwa kwezinhlobo zokuphatha.

Izindlela zokuvikela ziziphi eziphatha ukubambisana kwe-drone?
Izindlela zokuvikela zihlukumele ukugcina kwe-sensor ukuthi kubonwe, ukubambisana kwe-RF okufanayo, ukuvikela kwe-GPS okuphawula isikhundla, ukuvula amagama okuvula, namazwele okuvikela okwenziwa ngokuphatha ngokwezinye izindawo njenge-lasers ezenziwe ngumthelela omkhulu noma izimithi eziningi zokuphatha.

Kungani ukugcina kwe-sensor kuyisisekelo esikhulu kwezindlela zokuvikela i-UAS?
Ukugcina kwe-sensor kuhlanganisa idatha kwe-RF scanners, radar, nezinhlayiya zokubona nasezinye izindawo ukukhomba ukubonwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zokuphatha, kanjani ngaphandle kokubambisana okukhulu noma ukubhala phakathi.

Izindlela zokuvikela ezingenakwazi ukuthi zibambisane ngokuphatha ngokwezinye izindawo ziziphi?
Izindlela zokulinda ezingavumeli ukuthi kwenziwe indlela yokuqeda ngokuphathelene nendlela. Zifaka ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokugcina isitha, ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokugcina i-GPS, ukuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokufunda ngokwesibonelo, nokuthi kubhekiswe isikhathi sokusebenzisa amandla okuqonda njengezilashe ne-microwaves.