Ukukhetha I-Module Yokuvikela Isithunywa Ngokwesikhathi Sokuphatha?

Ukuziqonda Iifunkshoni Zokulawula Ukudlula Kwesikhundla Sokusebenza Kwezindlela Zokuphatha Izinkampani Zokudlula Ngokwemobile

Ukubonwa, Ukufunda, Kunye Nokukhubaza: Iintathu Zokulawula Okunzima Kwesikhundla Sokudlula

Kuyisivumelwano esihle izinhlobo zokulandelana nezinhlobo imodi ngokwemobile kusebenza ngokuphambili, ngokugqitha kakhulu: ukubonwa, ukufunda, nokukhubaza. Ukubonwa kusetyenziswa i-radar, ukuscan kwe-RF, nezixhobo zokubona ngokwezinye ezinamandla ukubonisa izinkampani ezingavumelekanga kwiindawo ezilungileyo—kuyisisekelo esinamandla kapha kumaziko apho ukubona ngokwesibini akukho kufanelekile noma kukho ubuncinci be-RF. Uma kubonwe, isistimu ifunda indawo yomkhumbi, isivelo, kunye nendlela yokuhamba kwakhe ngexesha elizayo, faka idatha ekugcineni ngokugqitha kwi-interface yokuqala nokuphatha—noma ihandiheld noma yikuphakanyiswa kumoto. Ukuthulula kufaneka ngokusebenzisa ukuthwabha kwemikhumbi yokubhekisela okuhle noma ukuthwabha kwemikhumbi yokubhekisela kwe-GPS, okubhekisela emikhumbini yokuqondisa nokubhekisela (2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz, GPS L1/L2) ngaphandle kokuthintana nemikhumbi yezindlu zokusebenza. Izimboni zasekhaya zase-NATO’s Joint Counter-UAS Centre of Excellence zibonisa isikhathi sokubhekisela ku-5 sekondi kusukela kuqala kuqeda kuzo zonke izinkambo zokubhekisela ezihlelwe ngokuphelele—okunika ubukhulekile kubutha obuhlelwe ngokushesha nokudla ngenhla.

Kungani Ukubalwa Kwamakhambu Kuyisisekelo: Indlela Okuyisho Ngayo Amakhambu Okubhekisela Emoto Akhangeleka Ngokushesha Ekubhekiseni Kwamakhambu Okuphakanyiswa Ngokwezinye Nokubhekisela Ngokwezinye

Izihlombe zesifundazwe sezokulondoloza kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlangano zokusebenza—kubukwa kwezinye izindawo kuya kuhambisana ngezinkampani zokulondoloza ezinamaphoyisa—futhi azikwazi ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinto zokusebenza zokugcina isikhundla. Ukusakazela okuphelele kuyasebenza ngokushesha ukuguqula izithombe zokubona (isibonelo, ukuguqula kusukela kwezithombe zokubona kwezindawo eziphakeme kuya kumathombe ayo ayisibonelo esiqondile), izithombe zokuvalela (ezivame ukubhekwa ngokuphelele kwezinhlanganiso zokusebenza noma kuzonke izinhlanganiso), nezithombe zokuphatha amandla (ukuphatha amandla kusuka kumoto noma kuzo zizipakhi zokuphatha amandla ezilithiyamu), konke ngokusebenzisa isikhundla sokugcina isikhundla nesikhundla sokudatha. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuguqula kusukela emahourini kuya kungaphezu kwezimbili iminithi futhi kususa ukufunda kabusha nokugcina izinto zokusebenza kanye nezinto zokugcina. Ngokuthi kubhalwe ku- Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) Field Manual FM 3-01.9 , ukusakazela okuphelele kuyasebenza ngokushesha ngokuthi “plug-and-fight” — okuyisibonelo sokuthi umsebenzisi oyodwa uyakwakha isikhundla esifanayo kusuka kwe-Humvee, MRAP, noma kwezincwadi zokuphatha ngokuphansi, ngaphandle kokufunda kabusha.

Ukuhlobana Kwezithombe Zokulondoloza Idrone Nokufaneleka Kwesikhundla Sokuhamba

Izinkinga zomuthi, amandla, nokubhala kwezinkambo zokusebenzisa izinkambo zokuvikela phansi kwamadroni ezigqithini ngokwesikhathi noma zokusebenzisa ngokwesikhathi sokugcina

Ukudlula kuyasezela iindlela zokusebenza: izinkambo zokusebenzisa ngokwesikhathi sokugcina zisebenzisa iindlela zokusebenza zezinkambo zokusebenzisa—zisondela amandla angu-10–30 W kuma-alternators, zisiza ekusetshenziseni amantengo amakhulu nezinkambo eziningi zokufunda—kukhomba ukuthi kungafuneka ukuthi kusondele kuma-3 km futhi kusondele kwezinkambo eziningi zokuvikela ngokufanekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkambo zokusebenzisa ngokwesikhathi sokugcina kufanele zibe nendawo engaphezu kwe-2 kg, zisebenze ngamabhatthiri asekhaya, futhi zasiza amandla angu-5–10 W. Lezi zinkinga zizama ukuphatha ukusondele (okwesibonelo kungenzeka kungaphezu kwe-1 km) futhi zihambisana ukuthi kuzoba kubiliwe ukuthi kusondele kwezinkambo zokusebenza—kepha zilahleka ukuthi kusondele kanye nokuthi kusondele kwezinkambo zokufihla. Kuyinto ebalulekile ukuthi ukusondele nokuthi kusondele kwezinkambo akuyi ukuthi kusondele kwezinkambo okwenziwa ngokulandelana: iziprojekthi zokuvikela phansi kwamadroni ezigqithini zokusebenzisa ngokwesikhathi sokugcina (isibonelo, abavaliwe ngaphansi kwe-UK MoD’s Isiprojekthi MUSKET ) zisiza ukuthi kusondele kwe-85% kwezinkambo zokuvikela phansi kwamadroni ezigqithini kuma-800 m ngaphandle kokuthi kusondele kwezinkambo zokusebenza, ngokusebenzisa ukuthi kusondele kwezinkambo zokusebenza zokuvikela phansi kwamadroni ezigqithini futhi ukuthi kusondele kwezinkambo zokusebenza zokuvikela phansi kwamadroni ezigqithini.

Ukuthatha isikhathi sokusetha futhi ukuthatha isikhathi sokusetha: izimboni ezibalulekile yokudlula kwezinkambo zokusebenzisa ngokwesikhathi sokugcina futhi ukuthatha isikhathi sokusetha ngokushesha

Kumisebenzi yomobile, “isikhathi esiphakathi kwezindawo zokuvalelwa nezindawo zokubhekisa” yisibalo sokusebenza esihle kakhulu—akukho isikhathi sokugqamisa ngokuthetheka ekhlabathini. Amamodi yomhandi ayafika emsebenzini wawo ngaphansi kwesekhondi 60: vula indawo, yilayishe kwe-tripod noma kwe-rail yomshayeli, bula umthelela, futhi qinisekisa isimo. Amasistimu atholakala kwe-vehicle ayadinga ukuphakama kwe-mast, ukulungiselela kwe-antenna, nokuhlakanipha kwe-software—kepha amasistimu abhalwe ngokwe-rack okuyizindlela ezihle kakhulu nezinhlobo zezinkundla zokuhlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ziyabeka isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphansi kwesekhondi 90. Ukuchazwa kwezinto ezenzekayo kwi-United States Marine Corps Ukuchaza i-Exercise Steel Knight kwakubonisa ukuthi amasistimu onobuthi obunye obuyisisekelo kanye neziprofili zezindawo zokubhekisa ezifundiwe phambi kwezinye ziyabeka isikhathi sokususa ngokuphelele ngokuphakama kwe-42% kulokho okwenziwa ngokwesikhathi sokugqamisa—lokhu kubalulekile uma kufundiswa izincwadi zokubhekisa izinswa zokufuna ukufuna kumaqondo noma kumaqondo okukhanyayo.

Ukuchaza i-Environmental and Operational Resilience yamamodi okubhekisa i-drone

Ukudlela Kwemithombo Yezimilo, Ukukhanya Kwe-EMI, Nokukhanya Kwezimo Zeweter Kwezindlela Zokususa Zomobile

Amadulini ase-mobile ase-anti-drone ayakhipha izimo eziningi ezinokubonakala kakhulu okukhomba ubunzima bezindlela zokusebenza: amaqembu e-desert ayabonisa izinhlayiya ngokuphakamisa kwezinhlayiya zase-70°C futhi ukuguqula okusheshayo kwesikhathi sokugqibela; amaqembu e-Arctic ayadinga ukuthi isikhathi sokuvula kwezinhlayiya sibe ngenkathi yezinhlayiya eziyisikhwama –40°C futhi ukuthi kuzosindiswa ngokwesiphambanana esihlukene. Ukuphatha okuhle kwezinhlayiya kusetshenziswa amashefisi ephasi-chenge (phase-change materials) akusenziwa ngokuphathelwa kwezinhlayiya—akusenziwa ngokuphathelwa kwezinhlayiya kuphela—ukungafaka izinto ezihambayo. Ukuthuthukisa kwezinhlayiya zokufana (Electromagnetic hardening) kufanele kubuyekeze i-MIL-STD-461G yokuthi kuyashintsha nokuthi kuyalwa ngokuthi kuyashintsha, ukuthi kuzosindiswa ngokuthi kuyashintsha kwezinhlayiya zokufana kwezinhlayiya zokufana, iziradio, futhi iziradar ezingaphakathi—kubuyekezwa ngokwenziwa kwezinhlayiya zokufana njenge-‘Germany’s’ Izinhlayiya Zokuphatha Kwezinhlayiya Zokufana Ngokuphatha Kwezinhlayiya Zokufana . Ukuthi kuzosindiswa ngokuthi kuyashintsha kwezinhlayiya akusenziwa ngokuphathelwa kwezinhlayiya—akusenziwa ngokuphathelwa kwezinhlayiya kuphela—ukuthi kuzosindiswa ngokuthi kuyashintsha kwezinhlayiya zokufana kwezinhlayiya zokufana, iziradio, futhi iziradar ezingaphakathi—kubuyekezwa ngokwenziwa kwezinhlayiya zokufana njenge-‘Germany’s’

Ukukhetha Amadulini Ase-anti-drone Okufanele Ngokuphatha Kwezinhlayiya Zokufana

Ukubonisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokusebenza kuzokuvakalisa ukuthi imodi yamanzi anti-drone ayisebenza ngokuphelele kusituation yokulinda kwakho. Izindlela zokusebenza zezinhloso ziyabeka izinkinga ezihlukene kakhulu kumathuba okukhuluma ngamandla okukhuluma ngamandla—ukubonisa kuphela amaphethini okuziphatha okwesayensi ayikwazi ukubona izinto ezingcono zokugcina kwezinhloso.

Kusuka kwezindlu zaseDesert kuze kwezindlu zaseUrban: Ukubambisana kwezinhloso zomodi nezinhloso zokusebenza

Izindawo zokugcina ezimangalisi zezinkundla ziyakwazi ukubhekana nezindlela zokusebenza zezinhloso zokugcina eziphambili, okuyisisekelo sokukhula kanye nokungafaneki kakhulu, noma ukuthi ukubonwa kuyabulawa ngumthwai wemithwai, ukuphakamisa kwesithunzi, kanye nokungafaneki kwezindawo. I-moduli yayo yokugcina izinhloso zokugcina kufanele ibe yomlando we-RF ngaphandle kwe-EO, ibe yomlando wokuchaza izinhloso ngokukhula ukuze isondela iziphakade zokubonwa kwezindawo zokugcina, kanye nokuphatha isebenza kwizintandokazi ezikhulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuchitha umoya. Inqaku Lokuqondisa Kwemisebe Yokugcina Izinhloso Zokusebenza , ukukhetha okumnandi kuyasuswa ngokuzama ukubhalisa izinhloso zokugcina, izinkinga zokusebenza kwesimo sezinsizakalo, kanye nemigqa yokuphendula—kodwa akukho ukulinganisa izincwadi zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo kuphela.

Izinto Ezihlanganisa Umuntu: Ukufundisa Okukhethekile Kwezinye Izingxenye, Ukuphakamisa Kwesilingi Sokubonisa, Kanye Nokuphendula Ngokushesha Ngaphansi Kwesifunda

Abaphathi abaqhubeka ngokubona ukuthi kubhekwa ngamadroni abanobudlela ababulawo kufuneka banezikhundla ezithengiswe ukusiza kwabantu uma bakhuleka. Imenyu eminingi, izindikimini zokubonakala okungafanelekile, noma izilinganiso zokubhekwa ezingama-3 ziyakhuphula ubukhulu bekhothama nokuzimelela—khusela uma bakhuleka, bakhuleka kakhulu, noma baphatha izinto ngemizimba engavumelekile. Ukwaziswa kwe-Naval War College yase-United States kubonisa ukuthi izikhundla ozifuna ukuthi ubheke amabutho amathathu noma amasekhondi amabili embono phambi kokuthi uqinisekise, kuyakhuphula ubukhulu bekhothama bekuphela ngamasekhondi amashumi eli-1.7—okukhulu kakhulu ukuthi idroni encane ibe nezinkinga zokubulawa. Izikhundla ezihambisana kahle zisebenzisa izikhundla zokubona ezilungile, ezibonakalayo ngokwesimo: izikhundla zokubulawa zokubonakala ngolwandle oluphephile, izindaba zokubonakala zokuthi zingasemthethweni zokusho, namaphepha ongena ngomsebenzi wokubulawa—yonke isithembiso esivumelana nezindlela zokuhlanganisa umuntu nesikhundla se-NATO STANAG 4586. Okwesibili, akukho isikhundla esihambisana kahle uma isithembiso sakho sibulawa ubukhulu bekhothama bekubaphathi ukuthi baphathe izinto ngokuphambili.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinto zokusebenza zokuvimbela idroni ziziphi?

Izimodi zokuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu ziyasebenza ngokuthi zibhalise, ziqondise, nokubulawula izinkumbu. Ukubhalisa kuyakhiqiza izinkumbu ngokusebenzisa i-radar, ukuscanela kwe-RF, nezinkumbu zokubona ngokwezinye. Ukugcina kuyabheka isikhundla sezinkumbu, isivelo, kunye nesihlalo esisodwa. Ukubulawula kuyasebenzisa ukubulawula kwe-RF noma ukubulawula kwe-GPS ukuze kubulawule izinkumbu.

Ngani ukuthi umkhuba wokwakha izimodi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kuzo izimodi zokuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu?

Umhlabathi wokwakha izimodi uyavumela iziqondiso zokuguqula, njengokukhetha izinkumbu zokubhalisa, izimodi zokubulawula, kunye nezinhlobo zokusebenzisa amandla. Lokhu kuyavumela ukuguqula kahle, kunciphisa izindleko zokufunda kunye nokuphatha, futhi kuyayenza ukusebenza kuhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkumbu.

Kuyini ukuchaza ukulingana nokungalingani kwamaduli okuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu okwenziwa ngomuntu kunye nasezindaweni ezithile?

Amaduli okuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu okwenziwa ngomkhili ayisebenzisa izinkhulu zokusebenzisa amandla, okukhomba ukuthi kuyakhiqiza isikhundla eside kunye nomandla okukhomba ukusebenza ngamazinkumbu amaningi. Amaduli okuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu okwenziwa ngomuntu ayizilungile, ayisebenzisa amandla emabhatteri, futhi ayakhetha ukuthi kuyasendaweni yokuqala kunye nokuthi kuyalungile, kodwa kuyathula isikhundla sokusebenza kunye nokuthi kuyathula ukuthi kuyasebenza ngemikhombolo yezinkumbu.

Izinkumbu zokuvikela ngezinye izinkumbu zizokwazi ukuthi zifanele nempilo yezinsuku zingaphansi kwezinkinga zokuhlaka?

Amamoduli kufanele abe nezinkinga ezinkulu, njengokukhula kakhulu, ukubanda, ukuphakanyiswa kwamanzi, nokuthintana kwe-magnetic. Amadesign amahle akhiqiza ukulawula okukhulu, ukuthintana kwe-magnetic kwezinto ezinconywa, nokuthintana nesimo sezulu ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza kwezinye izindawo.

Ukuthi umsebenzisi aqhubeka kanjani ukuthintana nomkhweba wokukhupha amadroni ngokwesikhundla sokuzimela?

Amamoduli amahle amasebenzisa izindlela zokubona ezilungile, njengokubonisa izinkumbulo zezinkinga ngolwimi lwemibala, nokubiza ngolwimi, ukuze kwenziwe ubuncinane bokufunda. Izinhluvini ezincinci nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina zikhipha izikhathi zokuzimela nokusiza ekupheleni kokuphatha ngokushesha ngokwesikhundla sokuzimela.