Kungani Kufanele Sisebenzise Ukuthintana Kwedrone Okuphathelene Nokusebenza Kwezindawo Ezinamandla?

Ukuthwasa Kwamaphuzu Okungabi Nokuziphatha Kwezinkululeko Zokuphatha Izindawo Eziningi Zokusebenza Ngokuphelele

Imithombo Yezindlela Ezingaphansi Kwezindawo Zokusebenza, Izindawo Zokugcina Amanzi, Nezindawo Zokuziphatha

Amaphlighti e-drone angatholakali kusuka kwezindawo eziphambili kusukela kwezindlela zokuzwa ngokwesibindi kusukela kwezindlela zokuzwa ngokwesibindi. Ngokugcina kwesikhathi se-Gatwick Airport ngo-2018, amaphlighti e-drone angatholakali akabulali amaphlighti angenani kune-1,000 futhi akabulali izinkinga ezingu-75 million yezinkinga zokubulala nokuhambisa iziphumo. Ngo-2020, i-drone yashelela emuva kwezinye zezindawo zokusebenza kwezinsiza zaseMzantsi—yilokuqondwa okwakhiwe ngokuphathelene nokuqondwa kokuthi i-Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) iyisibonelo sokuthi isebenza ngokuphathelene nesikhungo sesifunda sokusebenza kwezinsiza zasezizwe. I-United Kingdom yavitha izinkinga zokuzwa ngokwesibindi ezingaphezu kwe-400 kwezindawo zokusebenza kwezinsiza zasezizwe ngo-2021—kuyisilinganiso sokuvutha ngokuphathelene nesikhathi esidlule ngokuphathelene nesikhathi esidlule—nangabe zingaphezu kwezinkambo zokuthi i-drone yadlula ngokuphathelene nesikhungo. Lezi zinhloso zibonisa ukuthi i-drone engatholakali ingayikhipha izisebenzo ezibalulekile, ingayivimba izinto, futhi ingayihluphe isibindi sezizwe ngokwenza okuncane kuphela.

Ngani i-drone yasezwekini ibonisa izinkinga zokuzwa ngokwesibindi ezibalulekile

Amadroni okuthengiselwa kwezokuthengisa ngokwemvelo ayizihlombe, ayisikhulu kakhulu, futhi ayisemthwakathini. Isikhulu sakho esincane nokuphuma kwawo kwezinsizini ezizimnandi zokuphuma kuzo kusiza ukukhipha iziqondiso zokuphuma kwezinsizini zokuphuma kwezinsizini, njengokuthi kubhekwa kwezinkambo nezinkambo zokuphuma kwezinsizini. Abahleli bafaka amadroni aya kubonakala kakhulu ukuthi abe nesithunzi sokufaka izinkambo, ukwenza ukubuka kwezinye izindaba, noma ukuthatha isikhathi sokuthola izinkambo zokuphuma kwezinsizini. Ngoba ukuthwasa kwamadroni kusho ukuthi kuyasebenza kwezinkinga zokuthwasa phakathi kokubonwa nokuthwasa, abasebenzisi bezinkambo zokuphuma kwezinsizini, izinkambo zokuphuma kwezinsizini zokuphuma kwezinsizini, nezinkambo zokuphuma kwezinsizini zokuphuma kwezinsizini kufanele bakubonelele lezinkinga zokuphuma kwezinsizini. Izinkinga ziyakhula pansi kokuthwasa kwezinkinga zokuphuma kwezinsizini: ukuthwasa kwezinkinga zokuphuma kwezinsizini kuyasiza ukuthwasa kwezinkinga zokuphuma kwezinsizini kanye nokuthwasa kwezinkinga zokuphuma kwezinsizini.

Ukuthwasa Kwamadroni Okuthuluzwa: Ukuthwasa, Ukuthwasa Kwesibonelo, Nokuthwasa Kwesibonelo Sokuthwasa

Ukuthi Ukuthwasa Kwesifunda, Ukuthwasa Kwesifunda Kwesifunda, Nokuthwasa Kwesifunda Kuyapharabha Kakhulu Kwesifunda Nokuthwasa Kwesifunda

Izintonga zokukhuluma ngamakhono e-drones zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukukhathala izinkinga. Ukukhathala kwe-RF kuthintela izinyathelo zokukhuluma kwe-drone ngokubhala izinyathelo zemithombo yefreqwensi yoradio, okubangela ukuphulwa kwesikhathi esinye kwesikhathi sokukhuluma. Ukukhathala kwe-GNSS kubhekisa izinyathelo zokuhambisa kwe-drone ngokuthumela izikhothana eziningi zezindawo zase-GPS, okubhekisa amadroni ngendlela engeyona ngenxa yokugcina. Ukukhathala kwe-cyber kusetyenziswa izinkinga zomkhakha wokusebenza ukukhathala izinyathelo zokukhuluma kwe-drone. Ngisho noma yilokho kulokho kufanele kube nenkinga eyodwa: ukukhathala kwe-RF kuyabangela ukuthinteka kwezinyathelo zokukhuluma zezinye izinto, ukukhathala kwe-GNSS kudinga ukuthi kubekwe ngokuphelele kwezindawo, nokukhathala kwe-cyber kuyaphendula ekutholweni kwezinkinga zomkhakha wokusebenza. Izimiso zokuphepha kufanele ziqondise ukuthi kuzosungulwa ukuthinteka okungakwaziwa ngokuphambili nakuba kuyasinda isikhathi sokukhuluma.

Ukuphatha i-FCC, i-NTIA, ne-DHS Izimiso Zokukhathala Kwe-Drone Ngokwemvelo

Abasebenzi kufanele babeke izindlela zokuphatha izinhlangano zokulawula uma bavuselela izintonga zokuvimbela amadroni. I-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ibuyisela ukuvimbela amasignali ngaphandle kokuvumwa ngemithombo ye-47 CFR § 15.5, noma kunjalo kunezinqumo ezincinci ezivumelana kubagunya be-ntloko yezwe. I-National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) iyakwakha ukugcina ispekthramu yezindawo zokuvumelwa, futhi izindikimende ze-Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ziyakwakha izindlela zokuphatha izinsiza emaphakathini okukhulu. Ukuvimbela kwamadroni ngokulawula kufanele kube nemvume yebagunya be-ntloka yezwe noma ukuzinikela kumithombo eyadlule yezindaba ephendula leziyinto njenge-FAA's UAS Mitigation Waiver Program. Ukukhulula kungahleli kubona imiphumela engaphezu kwe-$100k ngalinye.

Ukunciphisa Ukuchitha Kwesinye Isimo: Ukwenza Ukuvimbela Kwamadroni Okunamandla Nokuhambisana

Izinkinga Zokubona Ngokwesibonelo Futhi Ukuphatha Ukushisa Kwamasignali Emakhaya

Izindawo zasemadolobheni zinikeza izinselele eziyingqayizivele ezinhlelweni zokuphazanyiswa kwama-drone ngenxa yezakhiwo ezivimba isignali nomsindo omkhulu we-RF. Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo zakha izimo ezingekho emgqeni wokubona (NLOS) eziphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphazamisa, kuyilapho izimpawu ezincintisanayo ezivela kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi nasemibhoshongweni yezingcingo zandisa ama-positive amanga. Izinyathelo zokulwa ezisebenzayo zidinga:

• Eshumayela isiqhameko ama-array agxila amandla kuma-azimut/ama-engeli aphezulu athile
• Ama-algorithms wokulungisa amandla ashukumisayo aphendula ekucwileni kwesignali ngesikhathi sangempela
• Ama-spectrum analyzers akhomba futhi agweme ama-frequency bands asetshenzisiwe

Lezi zindlela zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokuxhumana okusemthethweni ngokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka ezindaweni ezichaziwe zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo eziqondiswayo zinciphisa ukudlula kwesignali ngo-78% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela eziqondiswayo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi emadolobheni.

Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo: Amasu Okunciphisa Ukopha Kwesignali Okuvela Ekuhlolweni Kwensimu Kwe-FCC 2024

Imbonakalo yezindaba zokuzilungisa kwezinye izindaba zaseFCC ibonisa indlela okwenza ngayo izinyawo zokubeka isithunzi nezinyawo zokuthintela ukuthi zihlale kusukela kwezinyawo ezingathinti ngokuphathelene nokuthintela izidwaba. Imbonakalo eminingi iyindlela:

Idatha ibonisa ukuthi izithunzi zokuthintela ezizimeleyo ezinakho ngaphezu kwe-200 milliseconds zikwazi ukuthintela izidwaba ngokuphelele kodwa zisiza izinyawo ezinamandla ukuthumela ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuthintela. Lezi zindlela ziyasebenza kakhulu emuva kwezindawo zokubaluleka njengokugcina amahospital nezindawo zokufika kwezidwaba lapho izinyawo zokuxhumana kufanele zihlinzwe. Abasebenzi bokuzilungisa kubonisa ukuthi ukudibanisa lezi zindlela zibuka ubukhosi obuhlaka phambi kwamadwaba angavumelekile kodwa kuhlinzwa izinyawo zokuxhumana ezibalulekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izidwaba zangavumelekile zini?

Amadroni okwesibonelo ayisizathu sokubhekisa izinhlayisi zokuphatha (UAS) ezisebenziswayo ngaphandle kokuvumwa, futhi zingakhona izinkinga kwezinhlayisi zokuphatha, ukuphepha kwabantu, noma isigaba sokuphatha.

Kungani amadroni okusebenzisa kungabekwa ngamandla?

Yebo, abasiza bangaqondisa amadroni okusebenzisa ukuze bathumele amandla, bafunde, noma bavule izinkinga eziphakathi, futhi zibe yizinkinga ezingakanani yokuphatha.

Izintechinoloji ziphi zikusinda amadroni okwesibonelo?

Izintechinoloji njenge-RF jamming, GNSS spoofing, kunye ne-cyber takeovers zingasinda amadroni okwesibonelo ngokuthinteka kwezinhlayisi zokuxhumana, ukuphatha, noma ukuphatha kwezinhlayisi zokuphatha.

Izintechinoloji zokuvikela phambi kwamadroni ziyisalwa ngokwemithetho?

Izintechinoloji zokuvikela phambi kwamadroni kufanele zihlanganise nezimithetho zezikhungo njenge-FCC, NTIA, kunye ne-DHS, futhi zingahitshwa ukuvumiswa kwezwe ukuze zisebenze ngokwemithetho.

Kungani ukunciphisa ukuthinta kwezinye izinhlayisi kubalulekile?

Ukunciphisa ukuthinta kwezinye izinhlayisi kuhlanganisa ukuthi izinhlayisi zokuxhumana eziphambili, ikakhulu ezingaphansi kwemithunzi nezinkundla zokuphatha, ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphephile ngokwesikhathi sokuthinteka kwamadroni.