Izindlela Zokugcina Idrone Ngokupheleleyo Kuzona Izindawo Ezizokungaflyi?

Ukuzwa Ukuthi Kuyini Okukhuluma Ngokwemithombo Yokuqondisa Ukubeka Isilungelo Sokudla

Ukuzula ukuthi izilwanyana zizwe zizokhuluma kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela isikhathi sokuphatha okuphelele ukuze kuvikeleke isikhathi sokuphatha nokubuyisana nezinyathelo. Emzantsi we-United States, i-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) iyasebenza ngokuphelele emkhawini wokuphatha kwesizwe, ibhekisa izilwanyana njengamakhono okuphatha okuyisikhathi sokuphatha okuphelele. Ukuthi kufunywa noma ukuthi kwenziwe ukuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise noma ukuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise—njengokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise noma ukuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise—kuyisibonelo sokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise futhi kuyisibonelo sokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise. Abantu abaningi akakwazi ukuthi baphinde amakhono okuphatha, nakuba yilapho lapho abanqumbe ngokuphatha, ngoba lokhu kuyisibonelo sokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise. Iziphumo ziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphezulu zokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise ngezinyathelo zokuvikela zika-FAA futhi kuyisibonelo sokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise ngokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise. Izinyathelo ezinokwenzeka zokuvikela ziyabhekisa izinyathelo ezingenakwazi ukuthi zisuswe njengokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise futhi kuyisibonelo sokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise ngokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise. Ukuzwa lokhu kokuvikela kuyakusiza abantu abayilapha ukukhuluma ngokuphatha nokukhuluma ngokuphatha ngokuthi kususwe isinyathelo esingakwazi ukuthi sifundise.

Ukungathathi Kwezinto Ezingaphansi Kwemithombo: Ukubeka I-Geofencing, Ukuthatha Isikhathi Se-RF Cyber, Nokuthakatha Kwe-GNSS

Ukuthi Yini Uku-Geofencing Kukhuluma Amazone Okungakwazi Ukufly Ngaphandle Kwokuthatha Isikhathi Okusebenzayo

Ukugcina izindawo zokufunda kuyisiphumo esingathakathi kakhulu nokutholakala kakhulu kwamandla okukhuluma ngemoto yezinkundla, ukusiza kubasebenzisa izindawo zokufunda ezithile ezingaphakathi kwe-remote control yemoto yezinkundla engakasemva kokukhuluma noma isignal esithile. Uma imoto yezinkundla iyophuma ku-“no-fly zone”, u-geofence uyabuka isiphumo esithile—okwesibonelo, uyabuka ukuthi imoto iye kusebenza kule ndawo, ikhuphe, noma ibuyela ekhaya lakho—ngaphandle kokukhuluma noma ukuthi isignal esithile sikhulume ngokuvamile kwezinye izinhlayo zokusebenza. Lokhu kuyisiphumo esihlakanipha ngokwakho ngoba sisebenza ngokuphatha kwezinhlayo zokufunda zomoto yezinkundla kuphela, futhi kuyisiphumo esikwenzekile: uma imoto yezinkundla iphuma kule ndawo esizimele, ukuphatha kwenziwa ngokuzenzakale. Kepha, ukugcina izindawo zokufunda kuyaphendula ngokuphela kubasebenzisi bokwakhiwe kwe-moto yezinkundla, ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwe kwezindawo zokufunda, nokuthi umsebenzisi ayifuni ukuthi amafirmware abe ngezikhathi. Akakwazi ukukhuluma imoto yezinkundla uma kuyabhekwa ngokuthi kuyabhekwa ngokuphatha kwezindawo zokufunda, noma uma imoto yezinkundla iyasebenza ngokuphatha kwezindawo zokufunda ngokuphatha kwezindawo zokufunda. Ngoko ke, ukugcina izindawo zokufunda kuyisiphumo esihle sokuphatha kwezindawo zokufunda, kodwa akakwazi ukuthi kuyisiphumo esihle kwezindawo eziningi zokuphatha kwezindawo zokufunda.

Ukuhlanganisa Kwemithambo Yomfanekiso Ngokusebenzisa i-RF ngobudlelwane ne-GNSS Spoofing: Ubukhulu, Ukubuyisela, nokuvumwa Kwemithambo Yomfanekiso

Kumaqondlo owenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela eyodwa yokubhekisela, izindlela ezingabi ngezinye zezinto ezizwelelayo eziphakanyisiweyo zimbili: ukubhekisela kwe-RF nokufaka amazwi okugcina kwe-GNSS. Ukubhekisela kwe-RF kusebenza ngokubheka ngokungabi ngezinye indlela yendlela yokuhlanganisa i-drone, ukubonisa iprothokholi yakho, futhi ukuthumela amagama okubhekisela okukhuluma ngokuphelele ukuze ubhekise i-vehicle. Ngoba isebenzisa indlela yakho yokuhlanganisa i-drone, ukubhekisela kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyasindiswa—umsebenzisi wokwesekelwa ungabuyisela ukubhekisa emva kokuphuma kwesibonelo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukufaka amazwi okugcina kwe-GNSS kubhala amasignali amashumi amashumi okugcina kwe-satellite ukuze kwenze i-drone ikhulele ukuthi iyiphansi yezinye izindawo, okuzosindisa ukuthi iye kusuka noma iye lapha ngokungabi ngezinye. Nakuba izindlela zombili azisindisi izinto, ukufaka amazwi okugcina kwe-GNSS kunezinkinga ezingaphezulu zokubhekisela kwezinye: amasignali amangalisi angafihla phansi kwezindawo ezizwelelayo, okuzosindisa izinkampani zokugcina kwe-GPS ezibalulekile kakhulu njengezinkampani zocingo, izinkampani zokuphatha izinkinga, nezinye izivehicle. Kusukela ekubhekiseni kwezinhlangano, ukubhekisela kwe-RF kubhekiswe kangako kumaqondlo awenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokudla noma izindawo zokubhekisela kwezinhlangano ezibalulekile ngoba kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi akasindisi indawo yokuqondisa yezinye izinto. Ukufaka amazwi okugcina kwe-GNSS, uma kusetyenziswa ngokujwayelekile, kudinga ukuthenga kwezimali kwezimali kanye nokubhekisela kwezimali ukuze kungavunyelwe ukuthi kuzosindiswa ukubhekisela kwezinye. Itable etha phezu kuyathola izinkinga ezithile zokubhekisela.

Abalungiseleli wezokusebenza kufanele bakhetha ukuthatha isikhundla se-RF cyber kwezinhlanzi zasezulwini futhi bakhalela ukusuka kwe-GNSS spoofs ekhaya lezinhlanzi zasezulwini noma emazikhundleni okuthiweyo kuphela apho ukuthiwa kungabangela ukukhanya kwezinye izinhlanzi. Izindlela ezimbili zinamandla ngokwesiko lokuziphatha, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kufanele kubhekene nezindlela zokuziphatha zezinhlanzi zasezulwini zokusha ukungafani nokuvikela izinhlanzi zokuxhumana.

Ukubandakanya Kwesithunywa Nokubandakanya Kwesithunywa Se-Electromagnetic: Izidingo, Izinkinga, Nokuthintela

Ukusebenzisa imithambo yokuqondisa noma izinhlayisi zokubhekisa ukukhupha indiza kuyakwenzela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuthabatha isignal ye-remote control noma yokuqondisa indiza kungakwazi ukwenza izinkinga eziningi, njengokuthabatha amasignal okusebenzisa amathuluzi angaphakathi noma ukwenza izinkinga zokuphepha abantu abasezinsukwini. Izingxenye zezindawo zokudla ziyakhupha lezi zinkinga ngokwanele ngoba izinhlayisi zokubhekisa eziphakeme, amasurufesi okubhekisa, nokuthuthukiswa kwenza izindlela zokuthabatha ezingaphansi. Izindlela zokuthintana kufanele zibone lezi zinkinga ukuze sizikwaleke izinkinga ezingazange zizamekile.

Izikhathi zokuthabatha isignal, Izinkinga zokuthumela ezingxenyeni zezindawo zokudla, nezindlela zokuphepha eziphathelwe ngu-FAA

Ukubukwa kwe-EMI (Electromagnetic interference) kufa kumaqhombo othile okuyisisekelo, njengokusebenzisa izihlakulo zokuguqula phakade, amathransimitha we-radiyo, nokusebenzisa izinkampani zokusambela amandla. Emizini, ukugcina kwezinqhombo lezi kwenza ukuthi kubalulekile ukuzama ukubhekisa umshini wokuphatha okungafanele ngaphandle kokuthinteka izindaba zokusebenzisa izinhlayiya eziphathelene ngezinye. I-FAA isetshenziswa izindlela zokuphepha ukuthi izinhlayiya ziyabona ukuthi zibonakaliswe ngamandla amahhala, futhi ukuthi zingasindisi izinto ezinamandla. Lokho okuthinteka umshini wokuphatha okungafanele kufanele ukusebenza ngendlela ephakathi kwezindlela zokuphepha ukuze kubekwe kuyisisekelo sokwepha. Ukubuka, ukuvavanya, nokukhetha amandla amahhala kusiza ukunciphisa izinkinga, kodwa akakwazi ukuncima ukungafanele kwezinhlayiya zokuphatha emizini yezinhlayiya zokuphatha. Amaphuzu okusetyenziswa kufanele ukwenza izivivinyo zokubuka indawo nokubona ukuthi kufanele ukusetyenziswa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwesikhombisa sokuthinteka umshini wokuphatha okungafanele.

Izindlela zokuphepha nezindlela zokusebenza zokuthinteka umshini wokuphatha okungafanele

Kwakukho amaphoyisa e- federal okwesibonelo kuphela osebenzisa ukuthintana kwe-drone ngokusebenza kwi- U.S. Ukuthi i- FAA Reauthorization Act ye-2018 isinikezele lefundo yokuphatha izimpilo ezikhulu ngokubhekisele kwe-drone ozokwenza izinkinga. Kodwa, kunezinye izinkambo ezingenabahloli bokwesibonelo abanayo ubukhulekile bakwazi ukuthintana noma ukuthintana kwe-drone ngokungatholakali kokuthintana kwe-Wiretap Act noma kwe-Pen/Trap statute.

Izindlela zokunikezwa kwe-FAA, Ukugxilwa kwe-LAANC, Namaphondo Okuphuma

I-FAA inethula ukuvumela ngemibono emibili yezindaba. Yokuqala yisivumelo se-C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System) esifanayo, okuyisivumelo sokuthi izimpahla zokusebenza zizokwazi ukuthumela izinkampani zokubeka isibonko esikhulu njenge-RF jamming noma GNSS spoofing. Yokuqembilini yisistimu se-LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability), eyayinika amandla okuthuma amaphoyisa ngokushesha kwezindawo zokuthuma ezihlukene kodwa ayivumeli ukuthi kwenziwe isibonko. Kunezindlela eziphakanyisiwe: lapho indwele yasinda amaphoyisa okuphulula amafu ephansi kwemifula yamafu, umphumela wawunqoba ukuthi i-FAA ibe yisibonko phambi kokuthi kwenziwe into yokuhlola. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezibonko zokuhlonipha kuzokubiza kubona iziphumo zokugcina ngokufanele.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ngabe abantu bayaqhubeka nokususa noma kusula indwele eyathuma ngaphezu kwesithuthu sabo?

Cha, abantu abangakwazi ukususa noma kusula izindwele, nakho ekhaya labo, njengoba kukhona ukuthi kwenziwe isibonko esingavumelekile kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwezindwele ngokwesifundo saseNingizimu.

Geofencing yini, futhi isebenza kanjani kubhekana nezindwele?

Ukudala kwe-Geofencing kwenza izindawo ezingavumelekileyo ezinkulu ngokuzenzakalelayo ekukhuluma ngokungafanele kwe-drone emizini engavumelekileyo ngaphandle kokuthumela izinyathelo ezincongqo, okwenza ukuthi yilithulani elisafanele nokungakhathazeki komthwalo wokuvumela.

Ukuphinda kwe-RF cyber kuhlukana njani nokuqondisa kwe-GNSS?

Ukuphinda kwe-RF cyber sebenzisa umkhombo wokukhuluma we-drone ukuze abe nezinhloko zokukhuluma ezinkulu, okunikezela ukukhuluma okuphelele nokubuyisela kabusha, ngakho-ke ukusuka kwe-GNSS kuthumela izinyathelo eziningi zezinkanyezi ezingavumelekileyo, okwenza ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphezulu yokuthwasa kweminye imithwalo.

Abani abanakwamandla okwenza ukuthwasa kwe-drone okusebenzisa amandla emizini yaseNingizimu Afrika?

Kusenokwenza ukuthwasa kwe-drone okusebenzisa amandla kuphi amaphondo aqinisekisiwe aseNingizimu Afrika, njengokuthwasa okusebenzisa amandla (jamming) noma ukusuka kwe-GNSS, ngokwesiqalekiso se-FAA futhi ngokwesivumelwano sesifunda sokuvumela.

Izindlela zokuvumela zokuthwasa kwe-drone azikwazi ukwenza njani?

Ukuthwasa okungavumelekileyo kungaholela ku-malipha amakhulu, izinkinga zokufa ngokuphathwa, nokuthwasa kwesigaba sokuvumela, futhi kungaholela kubizo lwesigaba sokuvumela lwesikhathi sokuthwasa kwe-wiretap futhi nokuthwasa kwe-FAA.