isantenna yekhono elihlukileyo
Isi-antenna eduke kanye nezimpawu ezimbili (dipole) yindlela encane ye-RF (radio frequency) etholakale kwezimpawu ezimbili efanayo ezinhlanganiselweyo kuhumusho olulayishwe. Le ndlela yabantu kakhulu kuleyo ndlela yokuthumela nokubona izimpawu zemifambo yesikwele kuhumusho olulodwa, lokhu kwenza ikhona lokusebenza kakhulu kuleyo ndlela yokuxhumana. Isakhiwo esibonakalayo sinezimpawu ezimbili ezifanayo ezinezimali ezifanayo, okungenzeka ukuba zimele kanye nezona kwekuphela kwekuphela, zihlelwe kanye nezona kwekuphela kwekuphela kusona esibonakalayo esikhulu esiseduze neqondo lokuxhumana. Oku kubonisa ukuba isi-antenna eduke kanye nezimpawu ezimbili (dipole) isebenza ngokuthi kuthwale izimpawu zesi-radio kuhumusho olulodwa, okwenza ukuba kube khona okuphakeme kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu kuleyo qhawekisa indawo. Isimo sokuthumelwa kwezimpawu sisi-figwa elinesibindi esikhulu xa kujwayele kusona, nezimpawu ezikhulu zokuthumelwa kusona esingaphezulu kwe-axis yesi-antenna futhi kungenani kakhulu kwezimpawu esikunene. Le nto yokuthi kusebenza kahle kuleyo ndlela ikhona kakhulu kuleyo ndlela yokuxhumana kusona esibonile, ukusebenzisa kakhulu, nokuxhumana ngokwezinhlangano zokuxhumana apho kudingekile ukuthumela izimpawu ngokucacileyo. Isakhiwo se-antenna sivumela ukusebenza kwezinhlangano ezahlukene, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuvumela ukusebenza kahle kuleyo ndawo yezimo zokuziphatha.