Ukukhula kwisebe kakhulu kwezinhlelo ezilungileyo zezindiza (UAV) kwenza ukuthi kube khona inkinga eyisabelo ngokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuthola nokubaka kuzo zonke iz industri neziseko zasecurity. I Umvumezo wezinhlelo zokuthola izixwayiso yingxenye eyibalulekile yokuthi wenza ukuthi izigodi zikwazi ukubona, ukulandela nokuphendula izenzakalo zamadodana ngaphandle kweziphakade zabo. Lezi zinhlelo ezihleli zisebenzisa uhlelo oluhlelweswe lwempilo yesixwayiso nabezindlela zobuchwepheshe bokuthola isixwayiso sokuxhumana phakathi komadodana nomgwaqo wabo waphansi, wenza ukuthi abasebenzi basecurity nabagwebi bafundi ngokushesha ngempatho yomthetho.
Imithombo yesithembiso yababiliwa ukuthi ibe yinkimbinkimbi engaphezulu kwezinhlelo zababili, ihlanganisa izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthola ukuqinisekisa ukufakelwa okuphelele ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo ezahlukeneyo zeUAV nezindlela zokusebenza. Inhloso yalezi zinhlelo izalwa kakhulu kuzindlela zazo zokwahlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ezivunyelwe nezingavunyelwanga yokusebenzisa i-drone, njalo nokunciphisa izaziso ezingamanga ezikwenzela ukuthintana nokusebenza kwemfundiso. Ngemuva kokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-drone bubuyekezela, izinsuku ezifanayo zokuthola kumele zibuyekezele ukuqinisekisa ukuphelelwa kwezimali kanye nokuphelelwa kwezimali.
Izindawo zokwakha izinhlayiya, izikhungo, nezinfandhlawo zokuthumela kuyizinkinga ezinezimali ephakeme kudinga ukulungiselela kwezimali zangaphandle ngokukhathala okukhulu kuzilwanywayo zomthombo waseNtabeni. Ithola lezixhumanisi seUAV esebenziswe kwalawa makhampu kungakithola izihlalo ezingcwele ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele emkhawulweni ophelele wokusebenza, kuvikela amagunya ekhono lokuhlola izimilo futhi asebenzise izindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa. Izimilo ezahlukanisa phakade ezinikezwa yalezi zinhlelo zivikela abasebenzisi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinqubo zokubuka njalo nokuthintana noma ukugaya.
Iziseko zesiseko sesilungu sikhona kakhulu emkhawulweni maphakathi ngezindawo eziningi zokungena nezinkinga zomphakathi okungahleli izindlela zokugcina ubuhle. Izinhlelo yokuthola ishidi zingasebenza ngokuphelele kulezo ziphakathi eziphambili futhi zithunyelwe kuziseko zokugcina ubuhle okuwenzekelayo ukuze kudalwe izinqumo zokulima. Inkinobeko yokuthola i-drone emazingeni aphelele ayabeka amandla abasebenzi bokugcina ubuhle ukubala izimpi futhi ukulungiselela izibonelo sokuphendula ngaphandle kokuthintana nokusebenza kwempilo yezigaba.
Amathuba okususa amanzi nezindawo zokulungisa kusetshenziswa teknoloji yokuthola izinhlaba ukuze bathuthele ngempinziswano yokuvinjwa, imisebenzi yokubuka futhi nokwehliswa kwezinsiza esingakwenzela ukulungiswa kwesifundo nesimanje. Lezi zindawo zanquma izindawo ezinezinhlaqini eziphathelene nokugcina izinkimizi nezindlela zokulungisa ezingadinga ukuvikelwa kwezihlaba ezingavumelekile kumehluko yezulu noma izimiso ezinokuthunyelwa. Izinhlelo zokuthola zivumela abasebenzi bezizindawo ukugcina amandla aphathekayo phakade futhi ukuqinisekisa ukulethana kahle kwezinsiza kumalungu wokunyaniselana.
Ukuthunyelwa kwebandla lokukhokha isinyo ngemithombo yamanzi ekhona ukwakha ubuqiniso obubanzi besimo esiyisikhathi esibhekene nesimo sokuphepha kahle. Izigugululo zokulungisa amanzi inokwenza izindawo zokukhokha ezingavula imigomo yokuphatha ngokuzenzekelayo, kufakwe kulo okusha nokubekezela kwamagugu kusetyenziswa yiingcinezeli zokuphepha nokuvula kwemithombo engaphezulu yokubeka ububi. Le ndlela enobuhlungu ibonakala ukuthi izimfuno ezinokuba yizinkinga zikhangela futhi zihlunjululwe ngaphambi kokuba zifanele umsebenzi wokusebenza kwegunya elikhulu lemanzi.
Imigwaqo yezempiyo ibonakala njengendlela ebalulekile kakhulu yokusebenzisa ubumangaliso bwegibhubhu ngoba kube nobubi obukhulu obuthintekayo ukuba izindiza zehluko zisebenze emkhawulweni ohlelwe. Amathakathi asezigwini ayisebenzisa izinhlelo eziphethwe zokubumangalisa ezingcinezela imigwaqo, izindlu zokufinyelela, nezindlu zomphakathi ukuze kugunyazwe okungcono phakathi kwegibhubhu nezempiyo. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zisebenze kabusha futhi zihlukanise phakathi kwegibhubhu ezivunyelwe kanye negibhubhu esingatholakali ukuthi singathinteka.
Ubukhulu bokumelana kwezindawo zokulwa kufuna izinhlelo zokuthola okwenzelwe ukusebenza ngokwanele nakuba kukhona ubungakanani obuphezulu be-Radio Frequency interference kusuka kuzindlela zokuxhumana zezikhampani, izixhumanisi zangaphansi, nezilimi ezisebenzayo zeziphatshelwayo. Iziphathi ezinezimali eziphuculiwe zenzelela lezi zinhlelo ukugcina ubunzima bekutholakala ngexhumano kungcolisa ingxenye engafanelekileyo noma izimiso ezingalindelekileyo. Ukuxhunywa kwezinhlelo zokubophelela kwezilwanyana zokulwa kunceda ukuxhasana nokuphendula okwenzelwe ukuthintela amazwi okulwa uma kudingeka ukuhlinzela izimiso zezilwanyana.
Izixhobo zomphakathi zisebenzisa i-drones ezinzulu kakhulu ukuze zilindele izihlalo, abantu, nezixhobo eziphathelene nokusebenza ezibuthathaka ukuba zithululwe ngokujulile okanye ukuthulwa. Le mithombo inezixhobo zokuthola ezifuna ukubona i-UAV ngazo zonke iindlela xa zisebenza emzimbeni wophando lwamanqaku aphucukelayo aphambili baya kuzidumbula okanye kuziphonya iindlela zokuthola. Ukufakazela amadumbu angaphansi kakhulu nezandla ezimbhalo yinto ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi womphakathi.
Izinhlelo zokuphepha esibeni zihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuthola ukuze kugcinwe ubunzima nokusebenza kahle ngempela kuzilwane ezithile. Iinkomo zokuthola ishishini zongeza kwi-radar nezinhlelo zokubuka ukuze kutholakale konke okudingekayo ukwazi ukuthola i-drone ephindaphindayo ngendlela eyodwa noma ngendlela yemizimba futhi emehlweni yonke into. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlelo nezinhlelo zokuphepha esibeni kuvumela ukubala kwalokho okungcolisa kanye nokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwezimali eziningi.
Amakhanda wezomculo, imigameko yezempi, kanye namakhanda abantu ayadinga izinqumo ezizungezile zokuphepha ezingathetha kusiko lwasekhaya kwayo kodwa kuyayikhipha indlela yokuphatha abantu abaningi kanye neziseko zemediya. Umvumezo wezinhlelo zokuthola izixwayiso izinqumo zinika abagcineleli bezimvume ukwakha izigaba zokuphepha ezingaqondene kakhulu ezikukhanywa okungahle kube khona imvume yokusebenzisa i-drone ngaphandle kokuvikeleka kwabantu abavumelekile.
Ubunzima bempahla yokwaziqa kamanje bukumelana nabasebenzi bekhethephilo ukuletha impahla yokuqasha ngokushesha emakhaya aphansi kwezimvume engalindelekanga ngekuhlelekwa kwebhuloki. Lezi zinqumo zingasetshenziswa ukunika izaziso ngexesha elishintsha kubasebenzi bekhethephilo futhi zenze amabhuku abonakala ngazo zonke izenzo zedroneyo ezitholakele ekugcineni isikhathi. Ukhothaza nokuxhumana nozalwandle nokusebenzisana nezigwebo zokuphepha kusiza ukuthi izikhuthazo ezitholakele ziphendulwe ngendlela efanele.
Izisebenzo zezemfundo nezindunankulu kudinga izindlela zokuphepha ezihlakaniphileyo okuthuthukisa ukulandelelwa nokuzama ukuphatha ngokungafanelekile, ngelinye ihlukaniso lokusebenza okudingekayo emsebenzini wokudala. Izinhlelo yokuthola kulezi zindawo kumele ibalise isimo sokuphepha nesidingo sokuthintana nokuthintana nokusebenza kwemisebenzi engcono noma ukwakha izibonelo eziphathelene nokuphepha okungavunyelwe kubalulekile.
Ukuthunyelana kwezinhlelo zokuthola i-drone ngezinhlelo ezenziwako zokuphepha kwindawo kwenza ubuqhubi bokwaziwa okubanzi okuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngaphandle kwezithembiso eziphathelene nomdaba. Lezi zindawo zazidinga izinhlelo zokuthola ezingasebenza ngempela emakhaya apho kukhona ubukhuni obuphephile kumthetho we-electromagnetic futhi ethembeka ngokwaneleyo ukuthola i-drone encane noma enegunya elincane engashintshwa ngokungaqondene ukulandelelwa.
Izithuthi zokwakha zisebenzisa teknoloji yokuthola izihlupheko ukuze zikhusela imithetho engcono, izixhobo ezibuthelene ngempela, nokuhlonipha kwezimali ukususwa kumahluko aphezu kwezihlupheko noma imfuno yokubuka ngaphandle kwemvume. Lezi zindawo zanamathuba amakhulu okufunda nokuthembeka okufuneka akhutshwe ukususwa kwebenguza yezinhlelo eziphazanywayo ezisebenzisa izihlupheko ezincane, ezingavangelanga kakhulu. Izinhlelo zokuthola zinika ababhali bezindawo inkinga yokugcina ubunzima bokusebenza ngendlela esebenza khona ngaphandle kokuchithwa.
Imizimu emibi yeminyango yesithuthi eyisisekelo kakhulu kwizindawo zokwenza kudinga izixhobo zokukhangela nezibophezela okunokwahlula isiguva phakathi kwezigu zedironi nezinye iindlela zokuphatha imyalelo enguqu-ququ ekwenzeka kumsebenzi wokwenza. Kufuneka iziganesi zokuchazwa kwezigu zibe ngcono ukuba zingcine ubukhona bezixhobo ezininzi, iinkqubo ezinamandla, kunye nezixhobo zokhuthaza ezingenanto ezingaba nobungozi bucindezelela ubuncinane bomgca wokukhangela. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinika ingxaki yokubalisa ngendlela ethembekileyo njengoko zihlala zikhubaza iindlela ezingavumelekanga ezingathintela izinqumo zokwenza.
Amaphakethi okukhipha kweyoli, izinkampani zokwakha izimboni, nezinkampani zezimboni ezivela kweyoli ziphawula izindawo eziphathelene nokuthintana okuphezulu lapho izinyalo ezingavumelekileyo zezidolobha zingathinta ngokuphelele ngokuthintana nesistimi yokulungiselela nokuthumela izinto ezinxitywa. Izisitemu zokudala kulezizindawo kufanele zinikeze amazwi okulunga apho abasebenzi besikhundla bakhangele izindlela futhi bazameleke izindlela zokulungiselela kabefore izidolobha zifihlele kuzindawo eziphathelene nokusebenza. Iziphumo zokuthulwa kwesikhundla kulezizindawo ziyaphandle kokugcinwa komthombo wabo okusha kufaka phakathi ukungcola kwegolide kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha kwezondlo.
Leli zikhundla zokusebenza zahluke kakhulu ukuthi kugcinwe umshunxana wokumeka kwemithandazo, izixhobo zokuphatha, izinhlelo zokuxhumana, nezixhobo zokubaka okungaba nomthelela emsizeni wokudala. Iziphawu ezihle zokuprosesa isinyathelo sizakha izinhlelo zokudala ukuba sibe nemehluko ngendlela esebenzayo kulezi zikhundla eziphephile. Ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokuphila kwizikhathi ezimangalisayo kusinika amandla ukuthi izindlela zokulima kudoti zingqamene nezinhlelo zakhiweyo zokuphila nokuthishiya izindawo.
Izihlwebo zokuphatha umgwaqo zisebenzisa izimo ezijwayelekileyo zokuthola izindiza ukuze zilandelele izinyathelo zokuthakatha, ukugena kungafanelekile emgwaqweni, nezinyathelo zokulandela okwenziwa ngemithombo ye-UAV. Kufanele lezi zinhloso ziphinde ziphinde ziphumelela emkhawulweni omkhulu wezwe ngenxa yokwahlukanayo kwezinto eziphakeme, ngelishaa kuzothinta izidingo zokuthola izindiza ezincane ezigcina phansi noma zisebenzisa izindlela zokuhamba ezingavunyelani. Inkinobeko yokubala nokulandela izinyathelo ezimbili ngokulinganayo kusiza abasebezelwa bomgwaqo ukulungiselela izinyathelo zakho futhi ukuthintela izikhuthazo esingazenzekayo.
Ubukhulu kwezindawo ezimbili zezindawo eziphakeme kudinga izinhlelo zokuthola okudinga ukusebenza ngendlela ethembekile noma yiniqobo elincane futhi kungenzela ukulandelela phansi ngokuphathelene kwezinkathi ezide. Izinhlelo zokunika amandla ngeyisithayi kanye nezinkxenye ze-satellite zenzela ukubekwa kwizindawo ezingenayo inkxenye yesiseko esihlelekile. Ukuhlanganiswa nokomndeni wokuphatha ngokushesha kumelana abasebenzi bezimali zombili baphethe ngokushesha imisebenzi yezinhlayiya ephathelene kwayo baze bathole indlela yokuphatha.
Izihlalo zokulungisa ziphakamisa izinkinga ezizinzile kakhulu ngoba izindiza zisetyenziswa ukuletha izinto ezingavumelekile, ukubheka imithetho yesivumelwano, noma ukunciphisa amandla okuphula. Izinhlelo yokuthola kule zihlalo kumele zinikeze inqanawa yonke yezihlalo nezindawo zangaphakathi futhi zingahlukanise phakade phakade izindiza ezivumelekile zokuhlanjelwa kwezilwane eziphatha inkohlakala. Isimo esibambene sobuchwepheshe bezihlalo kuvumela ukuseta izikhala zokuthola okunconywayo okukhomba amandla okuhlanjelwa ngokushesha uma kutholakala izindiza ezingavumelekile.
Izinhlelo zokuphatha kumphakathi zingabafileyo zidinga ukuthi zithunyelwe kumshinelwa wesibonakaliso nendiza yokuphatha kumphakathi ukuze kubekwe iminikelo yokuphatha kumphakathi ngaphandle kweziphumo zezindiza. Inkinga yokulokatha ngokuzenzekalela izindawo zomphakathi nokukhumbula abasebenzi besicelo kuvumela ukugcina ngokushesha okungahle kube yinkinga yokuphulwa kwemiphakathi. Izilogo zokuthola ziphathelwa ulwazi oluhle lokuthola izinhlobo zezindleko ezifakwa futhi ukuthuthukisa izinqumo ezizinzileyo zokuphatha kumphakathi.
Imithombo ephambili isebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola isingo ezibonakala ngokugqamileza engakwazi ukubonakala imithombo ethile yezindiza, izinhlelo zokuxhumana, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba ukuze ibeke phakathi phakathi kwezenzo eziqinisekisiwe nezingavumelekile. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izinhlelo zedatha eziphathelene ngezikhathi eziqinisekiswe zezindiza futhi zingahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha izigodi ezingathatha inkinga yesivuno sezindiza. Izinhlelo ezinezimiso eziphambili ngabe zingahlola izinhlelo zokuhamba, njengekukhala emaphakathini amanelungelo noma ukuzama ukuzivikela ukuthi kutholakale, ukuhlunga ububi bokulwa kwayo kanye nokuvula izinhlelo zokuphendula.
Izilinganiso zokutholakala zihlukana kakhulu ngokwesimo sedroneyi, imithetho yendawo, nezigaba zesistimi, kodwa izistimu ezinhlokweni zabelana nokutholakala okuhle phakathi kwekilo- mita 1 ukuya ku-5 kwezindawo eziphathelene ngezimali. Izistimu ezikhulu zasekhaya noma zezobuchwepheshe zingafinyelela izilinganiso zokutholakala eziphambene kune-kilomita 10 ngemizamo emihle. Izinto ezifana nesimo sendawo, ukungcola kwamandla aphindwe elektromagnetic, nezimo zendalo zingahlukanisa kakhulu isebenza sokutholakala, kufuneka kube khona ukusetha kanye nokulungiselela kwesistimi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezindawo ezilondoloziwe.
Imithombo emiswe ngaphandle isebenza kakhulu ekugcineni izixhumanisi zedroneyi futhi zisebenzisa imithetho yezixhumanisi eziphathelene nesimo sezamagugu. Le mithombo isebenzisa amathambo okuhlela, ukucubungula kwefreyimu, nezinhlelo ezisebenzisa ubuchule obukhona ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezixhumanisi zedroneyi namahleli angaphakathi kumkhakha wocingo, i-WiFi, nemigqa engamanje. Nakuba izindawo zenguni zinikeza izinkinga, le miqondo ethunywa kakade ingasebenza kahle ngokuthatha inqanawa efakiweyo kufreyimu futhi kucubungulwa izixhumanisi.
Ukuphila kanye kungenzeka kufaka phakathi izibuyekezo zesofthiweya ukuze kugcinwe uhlu olwasebenzayo lwezixhumanisi zedroneyi, isiqhameko ukucophelela nokwakhiwa kwezilinganiso, nekalibheshini yezikhathi zonke zokulungiselela kwesimo sokuthola. Sisitemu esizodwa sidinga ukuphambela kwezenzo ngexesha elinye ukuze kugcinwe ubume bomthetho wokuthola nokukhangela okufakelwayo ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo besisitemu kwaye uvuselele iiparamitha zokumisela. Izinto eziphatha ngendalo njengeempazamo zomlilo kunye nomdla wokungena kwegalasi kungadinga ukucophelela kakhulu emva kwezimo ezichaphazekileyo zokusebenza.
Izindaba Ezishisayo
Shenzhen Longyuan Technology inikeza izinhlelo zokuxhuma i-drone ezinhle kwezimithambo, izithadlana nezinfrastrakti eziphambene. Ukuqonda kwe-RF ngokushesha, ukulandelela nokukhawula nendawo enkulu yokukhathala nezinhlelo ezifakwe ngokwezifiso. Kuthandwa kumathibele wasekhaya nezwe ngokubangelwa.
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