Kukusetshenziswa kwamanje kohlelo lwesango nasezenqubeni ze-RF, ukulawula hlelo ngempela kuyaphakeme kakhulu ukuze kufakwe isiphumo esihle futhi kuthintwe izinkinga ezivela kuzo. I antena esebenza ngendlela ethile yisikhathi esisha sokuthumela nokhokha hlelo ngendlela ephathelene, ibone isiphumo esingaphezu kwebani elinye, kusukela ekugcineni amandla emithwalo yezinto ezithile kuze kube yizinhlelo ezithile zokudvuma kwe-RF.
Umbono owafundisa ngasemva kwesango esinamandla isiqhameko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka ngokwesivikelo kwayo yokumiswa kwezinhlayiya nokulawula izinhlayiyeli zokuthunyelwa ngemithetho engcinezileyo yezakhiwo nezinhlayiyeli ze-electromagnetic. Ngaphandle kwezophazanyiswa ezihlukanisa amandla ngendlela efanayo kuwo onke amaxesha, lezi zintambo ezithile zihambisa amandla RF ngasekhathini esiphindwe, ekhomba ukuthuthuka okuphezulu kanye nokuncipha kwesinyenzelo. Le ndlela ethintekayo ibalulekile kakhulu emehlweni ofuna ukukhetha isiqinisekiso ngendlela echanekileyo, noma kube nguqupha unxibelelwano okanye imisebenzi yesicelo apho kudingeka ukuthwalwa kwesiqinisekiso.
Imisebenzi ye-professional ihlala ithatha izisombululo ezinezici ezinkulu ezifanelekileyo ukuletha iziphumo ezikhulu emazingeni apheleleyo ezingenjezanga. Izinto ezisemthethweni antena esebenza ngendlela ethile izidingo zifaka izimboni ezide, ukulinganisa okucacile kwezimali, nezinhlelo zokunika izimpondo zokuphila ukuze kufakwe amakhono amahle. Lokhu kuguquka ngokudla kuzindlela zobuchwepheshe oluhle, izilinganiso eziyisiseko zomlando, nokusebenza kahle kwamafomu wokubeka uhlelo kumzamo omuhle.
Indlela yobubi bonye yezilimi ezihlukanisa ibonakala kakhulu ekulawuleni umfanekiso wokushisa. Abasebenzi bakha i-beam ngendlela ecacile ngokuthi bahlaziyela ngokomzekelo umfanekiso wasekhanda kwegunya lemfumo, bahlaziya ngokucacile ubude obuhambisanayo phakathi kwezinqubo, izinkinga ze-phase, nezinkinga zokubeka amandla. Le ndlela yesayensi ikhomba ukukhula kwebhili eliqinile ngelinye ngenye ethintela ukuncipha izibhili ezidala kakhulu nezibhili zembali.
Izinhlelo zezixhobo zemithombo eziphambileyo zisebenzisa izinqamulo eziningi ezihlelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kufakwe imithombo yomlando. Isimo phakathi kwezinqamulo, okwesibonelo kumele kilingelwe ngamawavu noma amaphazini awo, kubangelisa ubude bezehlwayo kanye nokusebenza kwempahla. Ukulawula kakhulu kulezi ziparamitha kumakha abasebenzisi ukulungisa isebenza sekixhobo ngokulinganiselana nezidingo zokusebenza, ngaphandle koko kubaluleke impahla enkulu, ubude ozinzileyo kwehlwayo, noma ukulahlekelwa kwezincithakalo.
Izicelo zamathematiksi ezenzekelayo zomlando zinika abakhethi indlela yokukhangela nokulungisa izimiso zomlando ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ngempela, lokhu kuthintela isikhathi sokuvula futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kakhulu. Lezi zindlela zokudonga zinika amandla okuhlola izimiso ngokujulile, kuhlanganise izimiso zedansini kanye zephuqa, kumakha abasebenzisi ukulungisa izinhlelo ukuze kube yimali ephambene kakhulu emsebenzini wazo.
Ukukhula kweguni elalenyane kuyinto eqondile yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi engaqondana ngqo nobungako obufakelwe nguqupha leguni. Izigaba ezikhulu zokukhula zihlanganisa imithwalo engaphezulu endleleni efunwayo, ekubangeni ukuthi kube nesigxila esinamandla endaweni efunwayo nokuthuthuka okuhle kwesilinganiso sokuxhumana noma ukulahlekelwa kwezindleko. Okuqondana phakathi komthamo waphakeme kanye nomkhawulo ofakelwe uyavuka ngemithetho emiselwe ngempawu yezinhloso zomlando, izibhami ezikhulu ngokuvamile zibanjwa izilimi ezikhulu.
Izidingo zokusebenza kunezinyathelo ezifanayo eziphambili kakhulu ekulungiseni isebenza seguni elalenyane. Izinhlanzi zakamuva zizilungisa izimali ngokukhetha izimboni ngokucophele, izindlela ezithembekileyo zokwenza, nezimpendulo eziphathelene nezinyathelo. Izimboni ezingenazo izimali, izimetali ezinezimali ezikhulu, nezindlela ezibonakala ezibalulekile zihlukanisa kumsebenzi ophelele womphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthatha kwezimali ngaphezu kusendleleni kusuka kumthwalo kuma-element ethululwa.
Ukulinganisa phakathi kwezimali nokwidebe kubonakala njengendlela ebalulekile yokukhetha yindlela yokwakha izixhumanisi zomlando. Nakuba izinxenye ezinezwidebe ezincane zingafinyelela imiphumela emihle kakhulu, izidingo zezwidebe ezininzi zazinzima ukulungiswa kwizixhumanisi. Izindlela ezihlelayo njengezinqawatha eziningi, izinhlelo eziphakeme, nezivumelwano ezingatholakali kufundamenthe zikwenza abasebenzi bakhwaze ukufinyelela imiphumela engavumelekile ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezininzi ngemuva kokugcina izimo zomlando.
Ukuchaza kwesithuthi sokugcina kuyisisekelo sekuxhumanisa phakathi kwezinkundla ekusetyenziswa yizinhlelo zokuxhumana ezihlala kuziphathelene, kuvumela ukuthumelo kwezinto ezilandelanayo ngemboni ephakeme ngaphandle kokulahleka okungaphezu kwezinhlelo eziphathelene. Lokhu kudinga ukulayisha kwegolide ngokucacile kanye nokusebenza kwezigaba ezivikela ukuqonda okuphathelene ngenkathi kubekwe emehlweni ehluke-hluke. Izixhumanisi ezinhle zilandelayo zafaka izinselelo zokulandelela ngendlela ethintekayo kanye nezimali zokulungisa igolide ngokushesha ukuze kuhlengwe ukuguquka kwebumbu kanye nokusebenza kwemvula.
Ivinekile zokuxhumana ze-microwave zisebenzisa kakhulu izinhlelo zezixhobo zomlando zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinkundla zokuxhumana, i-node zabasebenzisi benethiwebhu, nezisebenzisana. Iziphawu zokukhuphela kwemithandazo yezixhobo ezimelene nokuthi zingcono emkhawulweni we-RF apho ukubalwa kwegameli kuyaphilaphila. Ngokugcina amandla okuthunyelwa emzatshini ethile futhi nokuwunikela imithandazo engafuneki, lezi zinhlelo zifanelela ngaphezulu kwezinye ezingenamlando.
Okusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwenhla kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusetshenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhupha izinkumbulo, lapho ukucindezela okuhle kanye nokusebenza okuphakade kuvumela ukuxhumana ngokushesha nenhlalo. Izinhlelo zezikhungu zasehlotshini kumele zilondolele ukulandelela izikhungu ezihamba nangina futhi zinikeze amandla angcono ukuhlanjulula amathuba okuphila okutholakala ekuxhumaneni ngenhla. Izinhlelo ezahlelekileyo zezikhungu ezikhethekileyo zifaka izindlela ezihlelekileyo zokusetha kanye nezimiso ezahlukene zokulandelela okubangelwa yikhompyutha ukuze kufinyelelwe ukucindezela okudingekayo.
Umongo wezokuphepha kuyakhula ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanya obunqamlezileyo ekuthinteni isiguqulo nasekusebenzeni kwezivikelo, ikakhulu emehlweni etholakala kuyo izivunguvungu ezingavumelekile kanye nezimiso ezingalawulwa. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga ukubophelela ngqo kwisikhathi esifanelekileyo ukuze kithintele imiphumela engcono ngaphandle kokwenza isiguqulo esingachathanga izimiso ezilawulekileyo. Izibuchwepheshe ezinconywayo ezibekwe ngokomlando wokuphepha kunezici ezithile njengekushisa kusikhathi esifanelekileyo, ukusebenza phakathi komkhawulo onjalo, kanye nokwakha kwezimali eziningi.
Izinhlelo zokukhupha i-drone zibonakala njengendawo yokusebenza ebuthuthukayo kuphela lapho ubungako bezinhlelo zokukhupha kubangelwa ngqo yisimo sezinhlelo zokukhupha. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zilindele, zilandelane, nokukhupha izinhlelo ezingavunyelwanga zezulu ezivalelwe ngemiphakathi engahambanga ngempela. Ukudibanisa ubungakanani obuphezulu, ubude obugcwele bokukhupha, nokulawula kahle ukukhumbula kumuncinane abasebenzi besiqinisekiso ukuthi bazamelela izikhuthazo ngaphandle kokwenza iqembu elijwayelekile.
Iziphatha nesithwebuli sobuchwepheshe sifuna izinhlelo zokukhupha ezenziwe ngendlela eyodwa ukuze zisebenze emiphakathini engahambanga ngempela futhi zihlale zisebenze kahle. Lezi zinhlelo ezithile ziqukethe izimboni ezingatholakali kumvuthi, izinhlelo zokuhlaba ezingatholakali kuvibration, nezici ezahlukaniswe kakhulu zokuhlanganiswa komoya okungcono ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle emazweni ahlukeneyo.
Izinhlelo zomkhuba wokondla zoncuma kwiindawo ezininzi zofinyezo, ukusuka kwiibhanda ephantsi ze-VHF ukuya kufinyezo yemilimethe, okunika izizathu ezihlukileyo zokukhethwa nokwahlula kwezenzo. Ukukhetha iibhanda ezifanelekileyo zofinyezo ziphendulwa ngapakathi ngezidingo zokusebenza, iingxaki zolawulo, neempawu zokuthutha. Iziphetho ezinezifinyezo ephantsi zabelana ngokuvula kakhulu kanye nokungena kahle kumathuba, ngelishwa izinhlelo zinefinyezo ephakeme zabelana nokwahluleka okuphuculiweyo kanye nezikhala ezincinane.
Izidingo ze-bandwidth zihlukanisa kakhulu izindlela zokudizaina kwezinhleli eziphathelene nokuphila kwemikinobeko. Izisebenzo ze-narrowband zivumela izidizaini ezihlelekile kakhulu nge-gain enkulu kanye neqiniso lemfomu, ngelishwa izidingo ze-broadband zidinga izigaba eziningi kanye nekuhlekelwa kokuphila okuncane. Iziphrojekthi ezihlelekile njengezigaba ze-log-periodic, izidizaini ezingenalo mphumela yethembhu, kanye nezinqubo ezingabaqhakazeka ngamandla abaningi kuvumela abasebenzi ukufinyelela empendulo ebhekene nobunjwale bwebroadband ngendlela ethintana nokugcina izimo zophawu.
Ukulinkana phakathi kwe-thembhu kanye nesayizi yesingeniso kusenza amandla aphathekayo kuzinhleli eziphathelene. Ukusebenza kwe-thembhu enkulu kuvumela izidizaini eziphansi kodwa kungadinga ukwenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezimboni ezithile. Ngokuphambene, izinhleli eziphansi kudinga izinxenye ezikhulu kodwa zinika amandla okwenza kahle futhi angaphansi kakhulu kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane.
Izisebenzo zomshinelwane wesikhephe ngamandla kahle kudinga ukuphatha amandla amakhulu ukuze kufakwe kusetshenziswa kumlando okuhamba kude. Izinhlelo ezihamba ngamandla amakhulu zifaka izimboni ezithile, iziviko eziyazisa ukusula kwamandla, kanye nezobuchwepheshe eziphucwayo ukuqina amandla angaphansi komlando ngendlela ethembekile futhi kugcwaliseke ubunzima bokwenza. Inkohlakalo phakathi kwezilingo zamandla, isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nezimo zokholo kudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kude.
Iziphakamiso zolwandle ziqhubeka indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni i-antenna engezansi kumisebenzi wasekhohlo neyomobile. Lezi sistimi kumele zilinde amandla okugcina, ubunzulu, ukudlula kwamanzi, nokulahlekelwa komfanekiso ngaphandle kokuthi kugcinwe imisebenzi yezinhlelo. Iziphu lezimali ezihle njengezibhamu zokufaka, izimboni ezingavimbi yinkohlwe, nezindawo ezivalekile zikuphela izimpawu ezibalulekile zokungena kwegazi.
Izidingo yokudizayina yomfanekiso iqhubeka ukulahleka komlilo, ukugcina kwebhasa, nokudinga okuthintana nesithunzi esinamandla okuthintana ngqo nendawo yaseGolide nezidingo zokufakwa. Izifakiwe zomprofesiwini zidinga uhlelo olujulile wezobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okufanele phakathi kwezimo eziphambene kakhulu. Kumele izixhobo zokufaka zinike amandla omfanekiso angcono ngelishaa kubunikazi bokugcinwa kwezimali kanye nokuvimbela ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo.
Ukufakwa kwebhola eqhakazileyo kusiba kubegcina ngokukalisa kahle kwisite yonke nokuplantha komgwa ukuze kutholakale izindawo eziphelele ukufakwa kwezimpahla ukuze kube neminyaka yokusebenza futhi ingavimane. Ukufaka okunembuso kudinga ukukalisa kahle kwezintalo, ukuchaza izimpungu, nokubala kwezimali zikaFresnel ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiginele sithole ngaphandle kweziphungu. Izinhlelo zezinkcazo zasekhaya nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokudala umfanekiso wokulayisha kusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bafunde izimo zokusebenza ngaphambi kokufaka izixhobo.
Ukukalisa kwezimo zeRF kuyinxenye ebalulekileyo ye- site selection, kudinga amabheshi wokukalisa isiginele ukuze kutholakale izinsizwa zesisiginele esisesikhundleni futhi kuthole izimo ezingavimana. Lokhu kukalisa kusiza ekutholeni izindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwahlukaniswa, amakhono, nezindlela zokumelana ukuze kugcinwe ububi phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana. Amahluko we-spectrum nezixhobo zokuthola indlela azifanayo apho ayifuna kuzo aziphatha kakhulu izinto eziphathelene ngezimo.
Izidingo zokuhlanjelana ngezimiso zihlukana kakhulu ngokwesikhala, izindawo zengxenye yamandla, nezinhlobo zemisebenzi. Kufanele imiselo engcono ihlanjelane nezimiso zalesi sendawo, izilinganiso zomlando, nokhondo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngendlela ethembekileyo. Izibonisi zezimiso zilondoloza iidebhase yezimiso ezifakiweyo okumele zixhaswene ngexesha lokulungiselela ukuze kuthintelwe imiganeko yokunyuswa kwamandla.
Iindlela ezithile zokuhlulana ngendlela yomthwalo ne-elekthriki zibaluleke kakhulu ekufakeleni inkqubo eyodwa yabantenyula ephambili ngokupheleleyo emiseleni yentlango. Iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuhlulana zisebenzisa iimeko elithile zokuchazwa, eziquka i-analyzers zomlando, i-analyzers zenkqubo, nezizathu zomsinga, ukuze kuchazwe ukusebenza ngempindiselo yonke yezindawo zomlando ezihlalwayo. Ukuhlola kwezimali ngexesha eliqhubekayo ngexesha lendlala kumenza kube nobulungiswa beziphambano zophawu nolwazi lwesistima ukuze kufakelwe ngokupheleleyo.
Imithetho yokuchazwa kwezimali iqukethe ukuvavanya okuphambili kwemithombo yesimiso, izilinganiso zokuthutha, nokwabi ngezici zokungcaphuka ukuze kubekwe ngempela ukuthi kuyavikela imithetho yendima. Lezi zilinganiso zidinga amathuba okuvavanywa avikelekile nezixhobo ezilungileyo ukuze kufakwe iziphumo ezinamandla. Izinsukwane ezinhle ziqukethe izimo zokubhekeka ku remote ukuze kubukwe izilinganiso ezingcono kanye nokubala izinkinga eziphilayo ngaphambi kokuba zihlale phansi kwezenzo.
Imithetho yokuphila kwezinhlelo zezimpawu ezihlelekileyo iqhakazela ukugcina izimo zokusebenza kwezinhlelo nezimali njalo ngokuphelele kwegunya. Ukubheka kanye, ukucula kwezinqamlezo, nokuhlela izinto ezinzileyo kunciphisa ukungena kwezimali ngokushesha ngisho ngemuva kweqiniso lesikhathi nasekuhlaleni. Izigaba ezibonakalayo zingadinga ukubona ngokuzenzekelayo izinkinga zokusebenza futhi zithumele umbono kubaphathi bokuphila abaningi izinkinga ezidinga ukulandelelwa.
Ubude bomlilo obuhle buphendula kumazizukululo amakhulu angahlanjelwa ngaphakathi kwezidingo zombono, izidingo zokufakelwa, umdla wokungqamuka, nokwaziwa kokucofa kahle. Izimilo ezinezibuko ezincane zinika inxenye enkulu kanye nokulungiswa kokukhulula ukungqamuka kodwa zidinga ukucopheleka okuncane futhi kungakhathazeki ukuba kusuke isilinganiso. Izimilo ezinezibuko ezininzi zinika ukucopheleka kancane kanye nefuthe ephakeme kodwa ingezansi yinxenye futhi kungabekelwa phambili ukungqamuka. Kuzindlela zomsebenzi, izinkinga ezihleli ziqhubeka phakathi kwalezi zizukululo ngokulinganisa kuzidingo ezithile zomsebenzi nempilo yomdla.
Ukuthetha kakhulu kusindiso sesandla sangaphandle ngokuhlangana kwayo nokulinganiselwa kwesandla, iindlela zokulayisha, nezinga elifakhiweyo. Iziphazamiso ezide ezenziwa yiziphazamiso ezinye zingaba nemithombo engaphezulu kodwa ingadinga ukuba kunciphise iphati yesivuno kanye nesikhumba. Iziphazamiso ezincane zinika indlela enhle yokugoduka kwezimpawu kanye nendlela ende kodwa zidinga izandla ezinkulu. Ukukhetha izandla zeziphazamiso ehlathiyweyo kufuneka kubukeke imfuno yesenzo, izimvo zolawulo, nezinto ezilungileyo ukuze kufakelwe isimo esihle.
Imithetho yesistimu yenantena ephathelene kudinga ukulungiswa ngokuvamile kufana nokubheka ngobuso izinkinga zentonga, ukucima kwezihlangothi kanye nokubona isimo sezigaba zezulu, ukubeka amandla ngokulinganisa kwamandla, kanye nokubheka isimo sokuphakanywa. Izizathu zezulu fana nokuthunyelwa kwegesi, ukuchithwa, kanye nokubonwa kwe-UV kungahlinza amandla emisebenzi ngasikhathi, okubangela ukuthi kudingekile ukushintsha izinto ngokuvamile kanye nokubuyisela izigaba zokukhuselela. Izifandimende ezinhle kangaka mungafaka izinhlelo zokubeka amandla ngokuzenzekalelayo ezahlala ekubekeni amandla emisebenzi futhi zibize abasebenzi ngemiphumela engalindelekileyo eyadinga uqobo.
Yebo, i-antennas ezinhlayo zingasebenza kahle emathongweni nezithuthi ezizimele uma zihlelwe ngempela ukuba zisebenzise izimo zokusetha kuzindawo. Izisebenzo ezihlanjwayo zidinga ukwakhiwa okuncane, imigomo yokusimamela ngokushesha, nokusebenza kuyekelwe noma kubalulekile ukuthi kushintshashintsha. Izingxenye ezikhethekileyo zokuhlaba, izinkundla zokulungisa ngokuzenzakalela, nokuhlaba okuphathaladayo kumelana nokusetshenziswa kahle kwemobile ngelishaa ukuthi kugcinwe inkathi yezinhlayo. Kodwa, izisindo zemobile mhlawumbe zizilima inkathi ethile kunazo ezenziwa ngokudala ngoba kunezinkinga zohlelo nokunyelela, izikhathi zokusimamela, nezindlela ezingaphansi kakhulu zokulungisa.
Izindaba Ezishisayo
Shenzhen Longyuan Technology inikeza izinhlelo zokuxhuma i-drone ezinhle kwezimithambo, izithadlana nezinfrastrakti eziphambene. Ukuqonda kwe-RF ngokushesha, ukulandelela nokukhawula nendawo enkulu yokukhathala nezinhlelo ezifakwe ngokwezifiso. Kuthandwa kumathibele wasekhaya nezwe ngokubangelwa.
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