Ukuvela kwezikhathi eziningi zezinhloso ezingavumanga kakhulu kwezimali, izindawo zomphakathi, nezindawo zomphakathi zenzile ukuthi kube khona imini engcono yokuphepha. Xa umlando wamadrone ukuze kube lula futhi libe linconyiwa ngokwengeziwe, kudingeka kube khona izindlela zokulungisa okunjalo, kodwa ukusebenza kwalezi ndlela kubangelwa ngisho ngokuthi kutholakala isiqhameko ukumiswa nokuthulwa kwegama.
Abasebenzi basecurity kanye nabakhiqizi bomthethoselulo ebusweni bonke bempuma kakhulu ukuthi izindlela zokujama ngamandla zingaba ngezidingo zokunquma izithembiso ngokuphelele. Isisombuluko sikhona ekusebenziseni umlando wokuthumela isinyathelo esiqinile ngemigqa yabantena engcwele engenzelwe ukuze ikhokhele imodi yesilungu se-electromagnetic lapho kudingeka. Le ndlela eqinile ayethuthukisa kuphela ubuchwepheshe bakho jama kodwa futhi ibandla ukujama okungahle kwezilungu ze-wireless ezingcono emkhawulweni.
Ukuzwa amaNtonga we-teknoloji kanye nezibonakaliso zezimali antena esebenza ngendlela ethile izinhlelo kuyadingeka kubonke abahlanganayo ekugcineni umkhawulo, ukulungiselela isimo, noma ukumema inkampani enobuhlungu. Ukusebenzisa kahle lezi zinhlelo ezithile kungaba yisahluko phakathi kokumelana nokuthintela izithembiso futhi kungaba khona isimo esingavamile sokuthintela inkampani.
Izintambo zokumelela kakhulu ziyenzela indlela umthwalo wemifula yemifisaqo kusindiswa kusihlangothi, kuyekwa amandla okuthumela kwiyingxenye ekhethekile ngaphandle kokusithatha kabonakala konke. Lokhu kuyekayo kuyakhelapha amandla akhangeleka ngaphezu kuka-6 ukuya ku-20 decibels kunaleyo engcwele, kwenza izixwayiso eziningi kakhulu endaweni ethintekayo. Ifomu eyekayo yesilumo siyekela amandla wokugayaza ukufinyelela idroni engeyiyo ngamandla aphelele, njengoko ayigcine amandla ezingafuneki.
Iphysics engeyendlwini yale nyanga iyisimo sezintambo zokwakha imifula yemifisaqo ngokulandela ukusosha kwamathuba nokuxhumana kwezikhathi. Kamanje antena esebenza ngendlela ethile iziklwele kungafinyelela amandla okuthutha angaphezulu kuka-15 dBi, ekwakhiwa ngayo amandla ethunyelwe ngamathuba angama-30 noma kangakanani ezigatsheni zokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kuthutha kudala ngaphandle kokudinga amandla athunyelwe kangcono, kwenza isayithimba libe libalulekile kakhulu kumandla futhi libuyise izinsuku zokusebenza kuzindleko zebhatere.
Iziphatha zomphakathi zolawulo zilula kakhulu kule nkabi yamandla, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthintana ngokuhambisana ezinkulini ezide kuphela lapho izinhlelo ezingena zonke izindawo zizohluleka. Amathuba athutha ayangele ukuthintana ngokuphathelene kwezinhlelo zokubhala ledrone noma kube yiziphi na izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezihamba kusikhathi eside njengalezo esetshenziswa kuzindlela zezimali ezingenamkhonto.
Umvume ojwayelekile wobude bokuphakama kwezinhloso ephathelene zezinhloso zezulu kuvumela ukucopheleka kakhulu ekulawuleni izitha ezithintekileyo zezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezimali ezisebenzayo ze-wireless ezasezingxenye eziningi. Izinhloso ephathelene zenhlalo zangcongo zingasebenzisa ubude bokuphakama ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-10, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukulawula amadhora amunye ngaphandle kokuthinta izilwane nezihlalo zomndeni. Lokhu kucopheleka kuyaphila kakhulu emakhaya aphelileyo apho izinhloso eziningi ze-wireless zisebenza njalo.
Ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu zokuxhumana kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi xa kusekelwa ezingeni le-ayiphothi, emakhospitalini, noma ezinye izindawo eziphathelene nokuxhumana okuncotshwa. Umjikelo wokuthumela kwesithombe ubeka phakade amandla wokuthwala ngaphandle kwezone yokuxhumana engenziwa khona, ukuvikela ukuthwalelwa kwezixhumanisi ze-air traffic control, izixhumanisi zokuphepha, noma iindawo zezimoto zezimali. Le ndlela ethetha yekhono ibuyisela indima yesivumelwano ngexesha elifanayo likhokele impilo yengqwalasela.
Iindlela ezininzi zokufaka i-antenna enegunya zilandela iinkqubo zokulungisa umjikelo wokuthumela ngokucacileyo, ekuvumela ukulungiswa ngexesha eliqinisekileyo wemfazwana ukulandelela izihlalo ezihamba ngelixa kukhokeleka ukuphazamiseka. Le miqondo inokulungisa ngokuthe ngqo ubume bazo ngokulinganisa isahluko nendawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunezilingo ezininzi ngokunciphisa kakhulu impawu yengqwalasela yonke into engxileni.
Izinhlelo zenantena ezidide kakhulu zibeka ubude bezisebenzi eziphambileyo zezixweba zedrone ngokungcono kwabo nokunikezela kwegcinezelo. Nakuba izixweba ezingaphandle kuzo zihlala zifinyelela ubude obugcwele obuquka phakathi kuka-500 kuya ku-1000 imitha, izinhlelo ezingadidi kakhulu zisetshenziselwa ukulwa kuzintamo ezithe phansi kwezimali ezingaphezu kuka-3 kilometara ngenkathi yizimo ezilungileyo. Lokhu kubekayo kunciphisa amandla okusabela ngokushesha futhi akhuthaze amandla ekuthintela lapho kusabalaziywa izinkinga zezulu.
Inkinobho yokunweleza umkhawulo kuyindlela ebalulekile ekulungiseni izikhala ezinkulu njengezindawo zokukhanya, izigaba zomlando, noma izigaba zokwenza okunye kwakho kube khona umkhawulo wophandle kumele kuphumelela emakhanda amakhulu. Izisakalo zenantena engcwele zingafakwa ngendlela ethinta ukuthi kutholakale imithombo yomkhawulo engcwele futhi iqiniseke ukumelana ngokuphelele ngelokhu kugcinwa inkinobho yokuthintela izitha ngaphandle kokudistance. Le ndlela yokulungiswa kumele kuthole amathuba amaningi ekufanelekeni ngaphambi kokuthi izilwanyana ezingavunyelwa zifinyelela emakhandleni athintekileyo.
Isevisi yezimali nazo zifuna inkinobho yokulungisa imithombo yomkhawulo ngokusheshayo ngokulinganisa nokuthi kuthi kuzo zonke izitha nezinhlelo zezikhala. Izinguvo zenantena engcwele zingatholakala ukuze ziqiniseke ukumelana emakhandleni aphathelene kakhulu ngelokhu kugcinwa umkhawulo wemiphakathi engu-2, kujika izindleko kanye nokuthi kugcinwe ubumbano obuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kunezimali eziphakeme.
Umbono obhekene ngezindlela ezithile zomlando wamandla wezinhlelo zokudonsa izikhangala kuncike kwezimali eziphatha ngokugcwele uma kudingeka ukugcina ubucophele. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezingenhlangothi ezingena amandla okulahlela kuwo wonke amazwe, izinhlelo ezingenhlangothi zingakwazi ukuxhumana nezinsika ngaphandle kokubiza ucingo lwezikhangala noma izimo zokukhangelwa ekutheni kunezinyathelo ezenziwa. Lokhu kunciphisa kungcono kumsebenzi wempilo futhi kuzindlela zokuphepha lapho kudingeka ukuxhumana ngokugcwele.
Izimo zokufaka kuziphatha kufanelela ngokunciphisa isigineketi samandla wamandla okuqhuba esilweni sokushisa okuphathelene nazo izinkundla zokushisa ezigcwele. Abasebenzi besiqiniseko bangasebenzisa izixhobo zokugayaza ngaphandle kokudala izimiso zokungahambeki ezikwenzela ukuthi abadingi bebonakalisa izindlela zokulwa nokusebenza kwabo kubabingeleli abathintana nezimali. Lokhu kusinquma isimo sesiqiniseko sokusebenza ngokungafumaneki kodwa kuyacophelela ubunzima bezindlela zokulwa.
Izinketho ezihlelekileyo zezinkundla zokushisa zingafaka ukuhlukaniswa kwegunya kanye nezimiso ezizenzakalelayo ezifundisa futhi ubunzima bezisebenzi ngokungafumaneki. Lezi zinhlelo zingashintsha izigineketi zakhe zokugayaza nezimiso zokushisa ukuze zingahlolwa ngemfukazelo yamandla amandla amahle, kodwa ziyacophelela ubunzima bezinye i-drone.
Amavula amandla okumelela izikhalo ephethelene kakhulu ukulawula izinhla yonke ngokujikeleza ukuze akwazi ukulungiselela izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezahlukene ezigcwelewa nguqobo oluthile lwabantu abangaphandle. Izinhlelo zezigaba esikhundleni zihlawulela i-900 MHz, i-1.4 GHz, i-2.4 GHz, ne-5.8 GHz eziqukethe izinhlelo zokuxhumana zezikhalo ezikhulu kanye nezomkhonto. Izinhlelo zezivumelwano zenhla zihlanza inhlaka kanye nezinkinga zomthombo wamandla kulezi ziphazamiso ukuze ziqinisekise isebenza esijwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi yiziphi na izici zezikhala eziphinde zizime.
Ukusebenzisa kwesithuthi sokudonsa okuphathelene nokuthunjwa kumele kube yinxenye ekulungiseleleni ngcono ukuqinisekisa izinhlobo zokuthunjwa eziphambene kakhulu kumikhawulo ethile ngemuva kokugcina isimo esincane esidingekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwezimali. Izinhlanzi ezininzi zifaka iindlela ezimbili nezintandazelo eziphathelene ngezikhathi ezahlukene, zenze isithuthi sesidonsa esihlanganisiweyo esabelana ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusebenza. Lokhu kukhona kumele kube yinkxalabo yokuthembeka kuzo zonke izici zezinhlelo zokudonsa namathuba akhona.
Izisebenzo zokuphatha kwezimali zifuna ukuthwala kakhulu kumshini wamandla we-frequency agility onikezwa ngamandla amaningi e-directional antenna, ekwenzela ukuthuthuka kokuthatha indiza kudrone entsha ngaphandle kokudinga ukubuyisela umshini wonke. Inkinobeko yokuthinta izihlalo eziningi zamandla ngokufanayo nakhu ikhonta izindlela ezide eziphucukelayo njenge-frequency hopping ne-adaptive channel selection ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasebele abanjwe.
Amavula amadwebo ezigunyaziswa kwiindlela ezivavanyo i-drone kufuneka achwephele imizilwane emibi ngelishwa achazeke kwimfashanelo eyisiseko, ubudlelane, kanye nokuthi kukhangekile. Iindlela ezibangelwa ngomprofesi zifaka izinto ezinezintandokazi kanye nezinkumbulo eziphulaphula umda wamavula amadwebo kanye namathuba okugcinwa kwegolide emva kwezimo ezimbi. Lezi zidingo zokukhangekileyo ziyakwenzeka ngokungcolile kwiindlela ezenziwa ngokupheleleyo ukulungiselela imvelaphi engcono noma kwiindlela ezingenakho ukubuyela emva kwezimo eziphathelene.
Ukukhathazeka kwezulu kuyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni izinhloso zokulungiswa kwezinhloso ephakeme, kube khona ukuthi izinhloso zifanele zenze ngokuchaza phakathi kwegunyana, izingubo, ukuthutha kwamagunya, nokupheka kwezulu. Izinhloso ezinzima zihlanganisa izixwayiso zezinhloso nezixwayiso zokuhlola okukhuphuka ukungena kwamanzi futhi ukunciphisa impact ekhomba izigaba. Ukusebenza kwezinhloso kwezinhloso kumele kube khona ukuthula kwezulu futhi kungakhathazeki ngokupheka kwezulu noma ukushisa okungahleli kumsebenzi womthelela noma ukusebenza kwesikhwama.
Izicelo zezempi nezokuphepha zidinga izici ezengeziwe zokuvikela imvelo kuhlanganise nokumelana nemiphumela ye-electromagnetic pulse, ama-atmospheres abhubhisayo, nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Izinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondisayo eziqeqeshiwe zifaka izinto ezikhethekile namasu okwakha aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kulezi zimo ezifuna amandla ngenkathi kugcinwa amaphethini okukhanyisa anembile adingekayo ukuze i-drone isebenze kahle.
Ukuphumelela kokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondisiwe kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwendawo okuphelele kanye nokubeka indawo efanele ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokumbozwa ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezingqinamba zokusebenza. Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kumelwe bahlole izici zendawo, izakhiwo zezakhiwo nemithombo yokuphazamiseka kagesi engase ithinte ukusebenza kwe-antenna noma idale izikhala zokumboza. Ukuma okuphakeme okuvamile kokufakwa kwama-antenna okuqondisa kunikeza ibanga elibanzi lokubuka kodwa kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela komthwalo womoya nezidingo zokusekela isakhiwo.
Izimiso zokukhetha indawo kufanele zilinganise ukusebenza kahle kwe-electromagnetic nezimo zokusebenzisa ezisebenzayo ezibandakanya ukutholakala kwamandla, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, nokufinyelela kokugcinwa. Izinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondiswayo ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqondaniswa okuqondile nokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenza ukufinyeleleka kube isici esibalulekile empumelelweni yokusebenza yesikhathi eside. Isu lokubeka indawo kufanele futhi libheke izidingo zokuphindaphinda kanye nezinketho zokumbozwa kokuvikela ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo ngisho nangesikhathi sokusebenza kokugcinwa noma ukwehluleka kwemishini.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezokuphepha kuyazuza ekufakweni kwesimo se-electromagnetic esiphelele nasekuhlaziyweni kokumbozwa ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuma kwe-antenna nokuqondisa. Lezi zindlela zokuhlaziya zingabikezela ukusebenza kohlelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusongela nezimo zemvelo, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokucaciswa kwemishini nokulungiswa kokufakwa okuzokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokuphepha ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesabelomali.
Ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondisayo zokusetshenziswa kwe-drone jamming kumele kuqondiswe izinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ezisebenza ngokukhishwa kwemvamisa yomsakazo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuphazanyiswa. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuhlanganiswa neziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yamandla, imikhawulo yemvamisa, nezinqubo zokusebenza ezivikela izinsizakalo ezingenazintambo ezisemthethweni. Uhlobo olugxile lwemisebe ye-antenna eqondile empeleni lungenza lula izinqubo zokugunyazwa komthetho ngokubonisa amandla okuphazamiseka aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziqondiswayo.
Izidingo zokuxhumana ngokuvamile zandisa ngaphezu kokuvunyelwa kokuqala kokuthunyelwa ukuze zifake ukubika okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokubheka ukuphazamiseka. Izinhlangano zokuphepha kufanele zigcine imibhalo yamakhono esistimu, izinqubo zokusebenza, namamethrikhi wokusebenza ukukhombisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo nezidingo zokulawula. Amandla okuqondisa okuqondile wezinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondisiwe asekela le mizamo yokuthobela ngokunikeza ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi ukuphazamiseka kulawulwa futhi kunqunyelwe.
Ukuthumela emazweni omhlaba kubhekana nobunzima obengeziwe ngenxa yemigomo ehlukahlukene yokulawula kanye nezindlela zokuphoqelela ezindaweni ezahlukene. Abaqashi bezokuphepha abaqeqeshiwe kufanele baqonde izidingo ezithile ezisebenza endaweni ngayinye yokusebenzisa futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izincazelo zesistimu ye-antenna yokuqondisa zihambisana nemithetho yendawo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi wokuphepha ohlosiwe.
Ama-antenna aqondiswayo agxila amandla kagesi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-beam esigxile, ngokuvamile anikeza amandla wesignali angama-6-20 dB ngaphezulu ohlangothini oluhlosiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziqondiswayo. Lo mphumela wokugxila ukhulisa kakhulu ibanga lokuphazamisa futhi uqinisekisa ukuphazamiseka okunokwethenjelwa kwezokuxhumana kwama-drone ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude. Le ndlela egxile ekuhloleni futhi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi yandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri yezinhlelo eziphathwayo kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinsizakalo ezingenazintambo ezisemthethweni ngaphandle kwendawo okuhloswe kuyo.
Izinhlelo zokungcola izindiza eziphathelene kumele zihlawule amabhande 900 MHz, 1.4 GHz, 2.4 GHz, kanye 5.8 GHz abandakanya inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokuxhumana zezindiza zomnini nasezomkhakha. Izinhlelo zangena ezintofuwe ngamanqaku angcono kumele azamekise iphephandi phakathi kwale mibala njengoncane, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kumisebenzi yezindiza ezisemthethweni manje nakwakho ukuthembekela kuzinhlelo zokuxhumana ezifika. Ukusebenza kumabhande amaningi kususa izigaphezo zokuhlalwa kwayo kanti kakhokelela izindlela ezinzima ezenziwa yizinhlelo ezingcono ezingaphandle.
Izinhlelo zomqondo wokukhetha umqondo we-antenna zifaka izici ezivikela kakhulu kumzimba kufana nozindlu olungileyo kumvula, izibhedele zamazinyo, nezinkinga ezingavuthi kangani, okwenzela ukuthi kube lula uma kusuke, kusuke noma kunezinkelinga eziphakeme. Izinhlelo ezihleliwe kakhulu ziqaphela ukulanda kwegcobo nokuziphatha kwesililo ngelishwa kujikeleze indlela yokusabela. Kusetshenziswa yisikhathi esiningi emsulwa njengempiyameli namandla, futhi kudinga ukuvikelwa okuphuhlile kumzimba wokushisa nokudonsa, ngokusekelwa kuzindlela zokwenza okuphuhlile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngokulinganayo.
Ukuxhamela kwezimpendulo kudinga ukubambisana nezimfuneko zokulawula ngokwemigomo, izinkinga zofrekhuwensi, nezinhilo zokusebenza okugcinezela izinsizakalo ezivalelayo ze-wireless. Umthetho wokushisa okuthunywa kwezinhloso zezinhloso eziphakeme kanye nokuxhomekeka kwemisebenzi yokuxhamela ngokwemigomo ngokubonisa ukuthi kukhokelelwe ukusungwa kwezigaba ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa okungaphezu. Kufanele izimisebenzo ezihle ziphinde ziphinde zibuyekele iinkcukacha mayelana nezindlela zokusebenza futhi zilondolose izinhilo zokumonitora ukuqinisekisa ukuxhomekeka okuphila ngezimiso ezingcono kuzinyathelo zonke zomsebenzi.
Izindaba Ezishisayo
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